Rynek owoców w Polsce w okresie przedakcesyjnym i po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

• Authors: Franciszek Kapusta

Title variants

EN

Fruit market in Poland duringthe pre-accession period and afterthe accession to the European Union

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

Fruit market in Poland is covered by the regulations of the Common Market Organization for Fruit and Vegetables, which was established in 1996 in the European Union. The regulation covers fruit quality issues and the protection of the internal market by defining the rules of international trade. The support for fruit growers was emphasized on the internal market. The aim of the study was to show: the importance of fruit in human nutrition, changes in the level of consumption and production and development of directions of usage. The paper covers the period 1995-2012 in terms of acreage, crops and fruit, and 2001-2012 in terms of the production of processed fruit. In turn, the trade turnover with fresh fruit and milk are presented for the years 2009-2012. By 2003, it was a pre-accession period, and later − post-accession to the European Union. Such periods of study have been sanctioned by the availability of statistical data. The chemical composition of fresh fruit and berries varies greatly; water predominates (80-85%), while in the dry matter (15-20%) there are sugars, organic acids, pectins, tannins and aromatic substances that impart characteristic taste to them. In addition, fruit are a valuable source of vitamins C, B, provitamin AP , E, K and folic acid. The consumption of apples is particularly recommended, because they are rich in biologically active compounds reducing the risk of asthma, diabetes, obesity and other diseases. In addition their daily intake of at least 110 g reduces by 49% the probability of myocardial infarction in men. So far, the consumption of fruit and their products (in terms of fresh fruit) is in the range of 50-60 kg per person per year and this level is too low. Growing fruit in Poland in 2012 accounted for 2.3% of agricultural land and provided 5.2% of global production and 6.0% of the production of agricultural goods. The area is changing as well as yields. The process of concentration of production and the modernization of specific fruit trees and a change in production technology takes place. As a result, a smaller number of manufacturers provide higher and higher quality fruit. The area of growing apples, apricots, peaches and walnuts grows, while of pears, plums and cherries decreases. In the scope of shrubs and berry plantations there is an increasing area of planted raspberries, currants, chokeberry, high-bush blueberry, hazelnut and vines, and the decreasing area of strawberries and gooseberries. Fruit production is seasonal while consumer needs are constant. Hence, the role of storage, processing and trading of foreign fruit is important. From year to year there is an increasing trade turnover of fresh fruit and their processed products. Often, the same products are imported and exported. There are variations in the trade balance of fresh fruit and processed fruit. In total, in the years 2009, 2011 and 2012, Poland had a positive balance of foreign trade, while in 2010 negative.

Keywords

EN

fruit; consumption; exchange; area; harvest; yields

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
• Journal: Ekonomia XXI Wieku
• Year: 2014
• Issue: 3(3)
• Pages: 9-22

Contributors

author

Franciszek Kapusta

• Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

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