Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2012 | 1 | 40-57

Article title

Strategie prognostyczne a preferencja ryzyka u inwestorów giełdowych

Content

Title variants

EN
Forecasting strategies and propensity towards risk among stock market investors

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Poniższy artykuł sprawdza efektywność popularnych strategii prognostycznych: momentum i kontrariańskiej. Badania przeprowadzono na poziomie indywidualnym (mierząc skłonność każdego inwestora do stosowania danej strategii), osobno dla strategii stosowanych podczas składania zleceń kupna (otwierania pozycji długiej) oraz sprzedaży (zamykania pozycji długiej). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że strategia momentum jest bardziej efektywna niż strategia kontrariańska stosowana podczas zleceń kupna, dając wyższą stopę zwrotu przy mniejszym ryzyku. Wykazano również, że wraz ze wzrostem tendencji do stosowania strategii kontrariańskiej rośnie u inwestorów preferencja ryzyka, przy czym podczas otwierania pozycji związek ten dotyczy ekonometrycznych miar preferencji ryzyka (VAR), a podczas zamykania – miar psychologicznych. Zróżnicowanie to stanowi dodatkowy argument w dyskursie poświęconym odmienności psychologicznych procesów związanych z otwieraniem i zamykaniem pozycji.
This study tests the effectiveness of two popular investment strategies: momentum and contrarian. The research was conducted on an individual level, separately for buying (opening investment positions) and selling (closing investment positions). The results confirmed that a momentum investment strategy is more effective than a contrarian one for position opening; it brings higher return with a lower risk. It has been also shown that, along with the growth of the tendency to use a contrarian strategy, the propensity towards risk increases, but significant results are obtained by econometric measures of risk (VaR) while position opening and by psychological measures of risk while position closing. This result is an additional argument in the discourse, that pertains to the differences between processes of opening and closing investment position.

Year

Issue

1

Pages

40-57

Physical description

Contributors

  • Katedra Rynków Finansowych, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, ul. Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków
  • Katedra Psychologii Ekonomicznej, Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego, ul. Jagiellońska 57/59, 03-301 Warszawa

References

  • Barber, B. M., Odean, T. (2000). Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors. The Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773-806.
  • Best, P. (2000). Wartość narażona na ryzyko, obliczanie i wdrażanie modelu VaR. Kraków: Oficyna Ekonomiczna.
  • Blais, A. R., Weber, E. U. (2006). A domain-specific risk-taking (DOSPERT) scale for adult populations. Judgment and Decision Making, 1(1), 33-47.
  • Blume, M. E., Friend, I. (1973). A New Look at the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The Journal of Finance, 28(1), 19-33.
  • Burns, B. D. (2003). When it is adaptive to follow streaks: Variability and stocks. (w: ) R. Alterman K. D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (s. 233-239). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Burns, B. D. (2004). Heuristics as beliefs and as behaviors: The adaptiveness of the “hot hand”. Cognitive Psychology, 48(3), 295-331.
  • Choe, H., Kho, B., Stulz, R. (1999). Do foreign investors destabilize stock markets? The Korean experience in 1997. Journal of Financial Economics, 54(2), 227-264.
  • Chordia, T., Subrahmanyam, A., Anshuman, V. R. (2001). Trading activity and expected stock returns. Journal of Financial Economics, 59(1), 3-32.
  • Conrad, J., Kaul, G. (1998). An Anatomy of Trading Strategies. Review of Financial Studies, 11(3), 489-519.
  • De Bondt, W. F. M. (1991). What Do Economists Know About the Stock Market? Journal of Portfolio Management, 17(2), 84.
  • De Bondt, W. F. M. (1993). Betting on trends: Intuitive forecasts of financial risk and return. International Journal of Forecasting, 9(3), 355-371.
  • De Bondt, W. F. M., Thaler, R. (1985). Does the Stock Market Overreact? The Journal of Finance, 40(3), 793-805.
  • Dhar, R., Kumar, A. (2001). A Non-Random Walk Down the Main Street: Impact of Price Trends on Trading Decisions of Individual Investors. Yale International Center for Finance. Working Paper. June.
  • Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., Heier, H. (1996). Individual Differences in Intuitive-Experiential and Analytical- Rational Thinking Styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 390-405.
  • Fama, E. (1970). Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work. The Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383-417.
  • Fama, E. (1995). Random walks in stock market prices. Financial Analysts Journal, 51(1), 75-80.
  • Furche, A., Johnstone, D. (2006). Evidence of the Endowment Effect in Stock Market Order Placement. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 7(3), 145-154.
  • Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295-314.
  • Goetzmann, W. N., Massa, M. (2002). Daily momentum and contrarian behavior of index fund investors. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 375-389.
  • Goetzmann, W. N., Ning, Z. (2005). Rain or Shine: Where is the Weather Effect? European Financial Management, 11(5), 559-578.
  • Grinblatt, M., Keloharju, M. (2000). The investment behavior and performance of various investor types: a study of Finland’s unique data set. Journal of Financial Economics, 55(1), 43-67.
  • Grinblatt, M., Keloharju, M. (2001). What Makes Investors Trade? The Journal of Finance, 56(2), 589-616.
  • Grinblatt, M., Titman, S., Wermers, R. (1995). Momentum Investment Strategies, Portfolio Performance, and Herding: A Study of Mutual Fund Behavior. American Economic Review, 85(5), 1088-1105.
  • Heath, C., Huddart, S., Lang, M. (1999). Psychological Factors and Stock Option Exercise. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2), 601-627.
  • Jegadeesh, N. (1990). Evidence of Predictable Behavior of Security Returns. The Journal of Finance, 45(3), 881- 898.
  • Jegadeesh, N., Titman, S. (1993). Returns to buying winners and selling losers: Implications for stock market efficiency. The Journal of Finance, 48(1), 65-91.
  • Jegadeesh, N., Titman, S. (2001). Profitability of momentum strategies: An evaluation of alternative explanations. The Journal of Finance, 56(2), 699-720.
  • Johnson, T. C. (2002). Rational Momentum Effects. The Journal of Finance, 57(2), 585-608.
  • Kahneman, D., Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological review, 80(4), 237-251.
  • Kareev, Y. (1995). Positive bias in the perception of covariation. Psychological review, 102(3), 490.
  • Kubińska, E., Markiewicz, Ł. (2008). Analiza decyzji inwestycyjnych uczestników gry giełdowej – skłonności wirtualnych inwestorów, inwestujących wirtualne środki. Decyzje, 9, 57-82.
  • Kubińska, E., Markiewicz, Ł. (2009). Punkty odniesienia szerszej skali konta mentalnego uczestników gry giełdowej. Decyzje, 12, 79-95.
  • Kubińska, E., Markiewicz, Ł. (2011a). Pomiar ryzyka jako wyzwanie dla współczesnych finansów. Annales UMCS Sectio H Oeconomia.
  • Kubińska, E., Markiewicz, Ł. (2011b). Różne podejścia do mierzenia ryzyka inwestycyjnego - perspektywa psychologiczna i finansowa. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie: Seria Finanse.
  • Kubińska, E., Markiewicz, Ł., Tyszka, T. (w druku). Disposition Effect Among Contrarian and Momentum Investors. Journal of Behavioral Finance.
  • Lehmann, B. N. (1990). Fads, Martingales, and Market Efficiency. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105(1), 1-28.
  • Lo, A. W., Repin, D. V. (2002). The psychophysiology of realtime financial risk processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 323-339.
  • Lo, A. W., Repin, D. V., Steenbarger, B. N. (2005). Fear and Greed in Financial Markets: A Clinical Study of Day-Traders. American Economic Review, 9, 352-359.
  • MacGregor, D. G., Slovic, P., Berry, M., Evensky, H. (1999). Perception of Financial Risk: A Survey Study of Advisors and Planners. Journal of Financial Planning, 12(8), 68-86.
  • March, J. G., Shapira, Z. (1987). Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking. Management Science, 33(11), 1404-1418.
  • Markiewicz, Ł. (2011). Wybrane Inklinacje Inwestorów Giełdowych w Zarządzaniu Portfelem Inwestycyjnym (nieopublikowana praca doktorska). Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej Wrocław.
  • Markiewicz, Ł., Weber, E. U. (w druku). DOSPERT’s gambling risk-taking scale predicts excessive stock trading. Journal of Behavioral Finance.
  • Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91.
  • Markowitz, H. (1959). Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments. New York: John Wiley i Sons.
  • Morrin, M., Jacoby, J., Johar, G. V., He, X., Kuss, A., Mazursky, D. (2002). Taking Stock of Stockbrokers: Exploring Momentum versus Contrarian Investor Strategies and Profiles. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(2), 188-198.
  • Odean, T. (1998). Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses? The Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1775-1798.
  • Odean, T. (1999). Do Investors Trade Too Much? American Economic Review, 89(5), 1279-1298.
  • Olsen, R. A. (2008). Perceptions of Financial Risk: Axioms and Affect. The Icfai University Journal of Behavioral Finance, 5, 58-80.
  • Olsen, R. A., Cox, C. M. (2001). The Influence of Gender on the Perception and Response to Investment Risk: The Case of Professional Investors. Journal of Psychology Financial Markets, 2(1), 29-36.
  • Oskarsson, A. T., Van Boven, L., McClelland, G. H., Hastie, R. (2009). What’s next? Judging sequences of binary events. Psychological bulletin, 135(2), 262.
  • Pearson, N. (2002). Risk Budgeting: Portfolio Problem Solving with Value-at-Risk. New York: John Wiley Sons.
  • Ross, S. (1976). The arbitrage theory of capital asset pricing. Journal of Economic Theory, 13(3), 341-360.
  • Rouwenhorst, K. G. (1998). International Momentum Strategies. The Journal of Finance, 53(1), 267-284.
  • Rouwenhorst, K. G. (1999). Local Return Factors and Turnover in Emerging Stock Markets. The Journal of Finance, 54(4), 1439-1464.
  • Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium under Conditions of Risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.
  • Shefrin, H., Statman, M. (1985). The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 40(3), 777-790.
  • Sheimo, M. (2005). Stock market rules: 50 of the most widely held investment axioms explained, examined, and exposed: McGraw-Hill.
  • Slovic, P. (1972). Psychological Study of Human Judgment: Implications for Investment Decision Making. The Journal of Finance, 27(4), 779-799.
  • Tversky, A., Kahneman, D. (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 76(2), 105-110.
  • Tyszka, T., Domurat, A. (2004). Czy istnieje ogólna skłonność jednostki do ryzyka? Decyzje, 2, 85-104.
  • Tyszka, T., Zielonka, P., Dacey, R., Sawicki, P. (2008). Perception of randomness and predicting uncertain events. Thinking and Reasoning, 14(1), 83-110. Wärneryd, K. (1996). Risk attitudes and risky behavior. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(6), 749-770.
  • Weber, E. U., Blais, A. R., Betz, N. E. (2002). A Domain-Specific Risk-Attitude Scale: Measuring Risk Perceptions and Risk Behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 15(4), 263-290.
  • Zaleśkiewicz, T. (2001). Beyond risk seeking and risk aversion: personality and the dual nature of economic risk taking. European Journal of Personality, 15, S105-S122.
  • Zielonka, P. (2004). Technical analysis as the representation of typical cognitive biases. International Review of Financial Analysis, 13(2), 217-225.

Notes

PL
Badanie sfinansowane dzięki środkom z grantu N N113 308338

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-d56fd617-f11e-4939-8d3e-996836f03262
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.