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2013 | 58 | 5 (352) | 32-43

Article title

Prawo Benforda i jego zastosowanie do wykrywania nieprawidłowości i nadużyć

Authors

Selected contents from this journal

Title variants

EN
Benford’s Law and its Application in Detection of Irregularities and Misappropriations

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
Unlike commonly believed, the probability of distribution of digits, especially those at the beginning of a number, can vary a lot in real-life data. This phenomenon, at present referred to as Benford’s law, has become more and more used in detection of misappropriation and irregularities in financial operations. Data that have been manipulated can be detected thanks to the unawareness of those committing frauds that falsified numbers can differ from the Benford’s Law and hence can be easily discovered by experts. In his article, the author discusses the nature, importance and opportunities that the application of the Benford’s Law provides NIK auditors with.

Year

Volume

58

Issue

Pages

32-43

Physical description

Dates

published
2013-10

Contributors

author
  • Najwyższa Izba Kontroli

References

  • Albrecht, W. 2012. Fraud Examination. South-Western, Cengage Learning.
  • Benford, F. 1938. “The Law of Anomalous Numbers”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 78 (4) : 551–572.
  • Durtschin C., W. Hillison, C. Pacini. 2004. “The Effective Use of Benford’s Law to Assist in Detecting Fraud in Accounting Data”. Journal of Forensic Accounting : 18-21.
  • Christian, C., Gupta, S. 1993. “New Evidence on ‘Secondary Evasion’”. The Journal of the American Association : 72-92,
  • Grabiński, T., Farbaniec, M., Zabłocki, B., Zając, W. 2012. Application of the First Digit Law in Credibility Evaluation of the Financial-Accounting Data Based on Particular Cases, Revizor Casopis za Teoriju i Praksu,
  • Hill, T. P. 1995. “A Statistical Derivation of the Significant-Digit Law”. Statistical Science 10 : 354-363
  • Krakar, Z., Zgela, M., 2009. Application of Benford's Law in Payment Systems Auditing, 40-41.
  • Newcomb, S., 1881. “Note on the Frequency of Use of the Different Digits in Natural Numbers”. American Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 4, No. 1, 4 (1/4): 39–40.
  • Nigrini, M. 1994. “Using Digital Frequencies to Detect Fraud”. The White Paper (April) : 3:6.
  • Nigrini, M. 1996. “Taxpayer compliance application of Benford’s law”. Journal of the American Taxation Association 18(1):72-92.
  • Nigrini, M., 2011. Forensic Analytics. Methods and Techniques for Forensic Accounting Investigations, John Wiley & Sons.Inc.
  • Nigrini, M. J., Mittermaier L. J. 1997. “The use of Benford’s law as an aid in analytical procedures”. Auditing. A Journal of Practice & Theory 16 (2) : 52-67.
  • Nowak M. 2013. Układy dynamiczne – prawo Benforda, 1. Kraków. Instytut Matematyki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

ISSN
0452-5027

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-d966775c-a297-44fe-b6ab-5f29d7726e5f
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