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2022 | 46(2) | 157-194

Article title

Environmental disclosures in the non-financial reporting of energy companies. Creating a reliable business image or impression management?

Content

Title variants

PL
Ujawnienia środowiskowe w raportowaniu niefinansowym spółek energetycznych. Tworzenie wiarygodnego wizerunku biznesowego czy zarządzanie wrażeniem?

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine whether and what impression man-agement techniques are used by Polish listed energy-sector companies in their non-financial reporting to possibly create not a true but an embellished image of their opera-tions. Methodology/approach: The research entailed examining the non-financial annual re-ports published (in Polish) by eight large, listed companies. Both quantitative content analysis, to determine the scope of environmental disclosures, and qualitative content analysis, which focused on the visual and narrative style, were applied. The word count method was also applied concerning the positive (good) and negative (bad) wording used in the reports. Our linguistic analysis took into account both the semantic and inflexion as-pects of Polish idiomatic expressions. Findings: We found that the companies exploited various manipulation techniques, both in the visualisation and the narrative used in their non-financial reports. Perfect graphics, blameless narrative style, or dynamic text organisation are among the top positive aspects. At the other end of the scale are aspects such as excessive wording, unnecessary repeti-tions of various keywords, or the intentional omission of adverse vocabulary. While both sets of techniques are more likely to be applied by bigger entities, smaller companies do not seem to care as much for such details. Research implications/limitations: This research provides a valuable contribution to a better understanding of how companies employ modern narrative-oriented information management techniques relating to readers’ perceptions of non-financial statements. This may lead to enhancing formal requirements concerning the quality of non-financial disclo-sure in corporate reporting. The research was limited to only eight (all) energy companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the financial years 2017-2020. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether other listed companies use impression management tech-niques in non-financial reporting. Originality/value: This article is the first publication to show how Polish large energy-sector joint-stock companies manage their environmental impression in non-financial re-porting. The analysis extends the knowledge on creating a business operations image that is favourable to stakeholders by companies with a high environmental impact. This is of particular importance considering the non-financial reporting obligation that such entities have to meet as per Directive 2014/95/EU.
PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy i jakie techniki zarządzania wrażeniem wykorzy-stują w swoich raportach niefinansowych spółki energetyczne notowane na Giełdzie Papie-rów Wartościowych (GPW) Warszawie w potencjalnym zamiarze stworzenia nie rzeczywi-stego, lecz upiększonego obrazu swojego funkcjonowania. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Badaniu podlegały raporty niefinansowe ośmiu spółek energetycznych notowanych na GPW w Warszawie. Wykorzystano zarówno ilościową ana-lizę treści służącą do ustalenia zakresu publikowanych informacji środowiskowych, jak i jakościową analizę treści koncentrującą się na wizualnych i narracyjnych ujawnieniach z tego obszaru. Zastosowano również metodę liczenia słów, w odniesieniu do pozytywnych (dobrych) i negatywnych (złych) sformułowań użytych w badanych raportach. W analizie lingwistycznej uwzględniono zarówno semantyczne, jak i fleksyjne aspekty polskich wyra-żeń idiomatycznych. Wyniki: Stwierdziliśmy, że badane spółki wykorzystywały zarówno wizualne, jak i narra-cyjne techniki zarządzania wrażeniem w swoich raportach niefinansowych. Perfekcyjna grafika (rysunki), nienaganny styl narracji czy staranny układ tekstu należą do głównych aspektów pozytywnych. Z drugiej strony stwierdzono wykorzystanie nadmiernej liczby słów, występowanie niepotrzebnych powtórzeń czy celowe pomijanie niekorzystnego słow-nictwa. Te techniki są częściej stosowane przez większe podmioty, podczas gdy mniejsze nie przywiązują wagi do tego typu elementów. Implikacje badawcze/ograniczenia: Badania stanowią cenny wkład, umożliwiając zrozumienie interesariuszom, w jaki sposób firmy wykorzystują techniki zarządzania wra-żeniem w raportach przedstawiających informacje niefinansowe. Badanie zostało ograni-czone do ośmiu (wszystkich) spółek energetycznych notowanych na GPW w Warszawie należących do sektora energetycznego. Z tego powodu istnieje potrzeba prowadzenia dal-szych prac w celu ustalenia, czy inne spółki giełdowe stosują techniki zarządzania wraże-niem w raportowaniu niefinansowym. Oryginalność/wartość: Artykuł jest pierwszą publikacją wskazującą, jak duże giełdowe spółki energetyczne w Polsce zarządzają wrażeniem w raportowaniu środowiskowym. Przeprowadzona analiza ma na celu poszerzenie wiedzy na temat kreowania korzystnego dla interesariuszy wizerunku działalności biznesowej przez firmy o dużym wpływie na środowisko naturalne. Ma to szczególne znaczenie, jeśli wziąć pod uwagę obowiązek rapor-towania niefinansowego przez te podmioty zgodnie z wprowadzoną dyrektywą 2014/95/UE.

Contributors

  • University of Gdańsk, Department of Accounting
  • University of Gdańsk, Department of Accounting

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Publication order reference

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bwmeta1.element.desklight-dddec4a8-034c-4dae-b4c6-f9c882db7e7e
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