Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2015 | 42 | 43-77

Article title

She Cares and He Earns? The Family Gap in Poland

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper deals with parenthood induced inequalities in the labour market outcomes of men and women in Poland. It extends the existing framework of research by providing a joint analysis of parenthood impact on working hours and wages for men and women for a transition economy. Using propensity score matching and fixed effects estimation this paper reveals that parenthood is associated with longer working hours and greater wages for men and shorter working hours and lower wages for women. The gaps in working hours may be however partially attributed to unobserved differences between parents and childless individuals. For men, unobserved heterogeneity also explains their greater wages. Mothers are however found to receive significantly lower wages even if their unobserved characteristics and self-selection into employment are accounted for.

Contributors

  • Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw

References

  • Anderson, Deborah J., Melissa Binder and Kate Krause. 2003. “The Motherhood Wage Penalty Revisited: Experience, Heterogeneity, Work Effort, and Work Schedule Flexibility.” Industrial and Labour Relations Review 56(2): 273−294.
  • Angrist, Joshua D. and William N. Evans. 1998. “Children and Their Parents’ Labour Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size.” American Economic Review 88(3): 450−477.
  • Apps, Patricia F. and Ray Rees. 1997. “Collective Labour Supply and Household Production.” Journal of Political Economy 105(1): 178−90.
  • Baranowska-Rataj, Anna and Anna Matysiak. 2014. Does the European country- specific context alter the fatherhood premium? Working Papers Institute of Statistics and Demography Warsaw School of Economics, No. 44.
  • Becker Gary S. 1985. “Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labour.” Journal of Labour Economics 3: S33−S58.
  • Blundell, Richard, Pierre-Andre Chiappori and Costas Meghir. 2005. “Collective Labour Supply with Children.” Journal of Political Economy 113(6): 1277−1306.
  • Bronars, Stephen G. and Jeff Grossberg. 1994. “The Economic Consequences of Unwed Motherhood: Using Twins as Natural Experiment.” American Economic Review 84(5): 1141−1156.
  • Browning, Martin. 1992. “Children and Household Economic Behavior.” Journal of Economic Literature 30(3): 1434−1475.
  • Budig Michelle J. and Paula England. 2001. “The Wage Penalty for Motherhood.” American Sociological Review 66: 204−225.
  • Cherchye Laurens, Bram De Rock and Frederic Vermeulen. 2010. “Married with Children: A Collective Labour Supply Model with Detailed Time Use and Intrahousehold Expenditure Information”, IZA DP No. 5190.
  • Cukrowska-Torzewska, Ewa. 2015. “How much does it cost to rear children in Poland”, European Journal of Women’s Studies, forthcoming.
  • Dalmia, Sonia and Paul Sicilian. 2008. “Kids Cause Specialization: Evidence for Becker’s Household Division of Labour Hypothesis.” International Advances in Economic Research 14 (4): 448−459.
  • Davies Rhys and Gaëlle Pierre. 2005. “The Family Gap in Pay in Europe: A Cross-Country Study.” Labour Economics 12: 469−486.
  • Engel Melissa and Sandra Schaffner. 2012. How to Use the EU-SILC Panel to Analyse Monthly and Hourly Wages. Ruhr Economic Papers #390, http:// www.rwi-essen.de/media/content/pages/publikationen/ruhr-economic-papers/ REP_12_390.pdf (accessed 30.11.2015).
  • Gangadharan, Jaisri, Joshua Rosenbloom, Joyce Jacobson and James Wishart Pearre. 1996. The Effects of Child-bearing on Married Women’s Labor Supply and Earnings: Using Twin Births as a Natural Experiment. National Bureau of Economic Research (Cambridge, MA) Working Paper No. 5647.
  • Gangl, Markus and Andrea Ziefle. 2009. “Motherhood, Labour Force Behavior, and Women”s Careers: An Empirical Assessment of the Wage Penalty for Motherhood in Britain, Germany and the United States.” Demography 46: 341−94.
  • Glauber, Rebecca. 2008. “Gender and Race in Families and at Work: The Fatherhood Wage Premium.” Gender & Society 22(1): 8−30.
  • Heckman James J. 1976. “The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models.” Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 5: 475–492.
  • Heckman James J. 1979. “Sample selection bias as a specification error.” Econometrica 47(1): 153−161.
  • Jacobsen, Joyce P., James Wishart Pearce III, and Joshua L. Rosenbloom. 1999. “The Effects of Childbearing on Married Women’s Labor Supply and Earnings: Using Twin Births as a Natural Experiment.” The Journal of Human Resources 34(3): 449−474.
  • Karbownik, Krzysztof and Michał Myck. 2012. For Some Mothers More Than Others: How Children Matter for Labour Market Outcomes When Both Fertility and Female Employment Are Low. IZA Discussion Papers 6933, Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA).
  • Killewald, Alexandra. 2013. “A Reconsideration of the Fatherhood Premium: Marriage, Residence, Biology, and the Wages of Fathers.” American Sociological Review 78:96-116.
  • Killewald, Alexandra and Margaret Gough. 2013. “Does Specialization Explain Marriage and Parenthood Penalties and Premiums?” American Sociological Review 78:477−502.
  • Kim, Jungho and Arstein Aassve, 2006. Fertility and its Consequence on Family Labour Supply. IZA Discussion Papers 2162, Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA), http://ftp.iza.org/dp2162.pdf (accessed 30.11.2015).
  • Korenman Sanders and David Neumark. 1992. “Marriage, motherhood and wages.” The Journal of Human Resources 27: 233−255.
  • Leuven Edwin and Barbara Sianesi. 2003. “PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing”. Statistical Software Components.
  • Li, X. 2005. “Impact of childrearing on women’s labour market outcomes: Using new data and methods.” Unpublished, PhD draft, New Haven, CT: Yale University.
  • Lundberg Shelly, 2008. “Gender and Household Decisionmaking.” In: Frontiers in Gender Economics, ed. Francesca Bettio and Alina Vershchagina, 116−134. New York: Routledge.
  • Lundberg, Shelly and Elaina Rose. 2000. “Parenthood and the earnings of married men and women.” Labour Economics 7(6): 689−710.
  • Lundberg, Shelly and Elaina Rose. 2002. “The Effects of Sons and Daughters on Men’s Labour Supply and Wages.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 84(2): 251−268.
  • Lundberg, Shelly and Elaina Rose. 1998. The Determinants of Specialization within Marriage. Working Papers 0048, University of Washington, Department of Economics.
  • Nizalova, Olena Y, Tamara Sliusarenko T. and Solomiya Shpak. 2015. “The Motherhood Wage Penalty in Times of Transition.” Journal of Comparative Economics, doi:10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.009
  • Nielsen Helena Skyt, Marianne Simonsen and Mette Verner. 2004. “Does the gap in family-friendly policies drive the family gap?” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 106: 721–744.
  • Petersen, Trond, Andrew Penner and Geir Høgsnes. 2007. From Motherhood Penalties to Fatherhood Premia: The New Challenge for Family Policy. Institute for Research on Labour and Employment UC Berkeley Working Paper Series.
  • Rosenzweig, Mark R. and Kenneth I. Wolpin. 1980. “Testing the Quantity- Quality Fertility Model: The Use of Twins as a Natural Experiment.” Econometrica 48(1): 227−240.
  • Simonsen, Marianne and Lars Skipper. 2006. “The costs of motherhood: an analysis using matching estimators.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 21(7): 919−934.
  • Waldfogel, Jane. 1997. “The Effect of Children on Women’s Wages”, American Sociological Review 62(2):209−217.
  • Waldfogel, Jane. 1998. “The Family Gap for Young Women in the United States and Britain: Can Maternity Leave Make a Difference?” Journal of Labour Economics 16(3): 505−545.
  • Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2003. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Mason, OH: South-Western.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.desklight-de978352-3e5b-4710-9e0e-7c4f87fbc680
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.