Z problematyki ochrony zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Holandii

• Authors: Kornecki Marian

Title variants

EN

SOME PROBLEMS CONNECTED WITH PRESERVATION OF MONUMENTS IN THE NETHERLANDS

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

In the Netherlands conservation tendencies include at present: — composite preservation of monumental complexes, — reconstruction of historical forms and detail on the basis of thorough historical records, — preservation of folk architecture and technological monuments (windmills). To the monuments registered in Amsterdam belong 6743 objects (the number of 1969) th a t is to say 17% of monuments all over the country. Nowadays active preservation of monuments is realised and coordinated by the Municipal Bureau for Conservation (Gemeentelijk Bureau Monumentenzorg). Achievements of the Bureau, which has been active for twenty years now, are grand: With the cons tarnt increase of means 1636 objects have been put under protection and the expenses, have exceeded 220 million guldens by now. The most urgent task was to protect rows of houses imperilled by unfavourable local conditions (moisture and small stability of the soil). In these circumstances it was impossible to save all the buildings; some details from the lost objects reinforced lapidarium exposures under creation. This was followed by restoration of historical and artistic values to the transformed buildings. Some attempts of experimental treatments were also made, as during the process of adaptations of the old St. Lucia convent to the Amsterdam City Museum, when the old-town lane was covered with a glazed roofing to form a sort of passage assigned for museum exposition. For many ages water was pumped out of flood-lands with the help of windmills, which have by now become insęperable element of the Dutch landscape. P re viously wind energy was applicable literally in all branches of industry, which led to extra-ordinary development and improvement of windmills. Present system atics establishes the typology of these objects — it is based on the distinction between functions, constructions and architectural forms. Intensive preservation of windmills has resulted from their rapid destruction since the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 19th century there were about 11 thousand windmills, at present the stock- taking list includes only 958 of them (the number of 1971). Apart from the efforts made by many special public societies, the campaign under the slogan „Vochten voor windmolen” has been entered upon by the S tate authorities. It is based on special regulations that stipulate the possibility to subsidize works at windmills. In every case, the State provides owners with subsidies to the amount of 40% of the repa ir expenses, but this aid is given except to those whose windmills ai e designed for other purposes. More complex is the question of polder landscape protection. Here a windmill is only one of the elements of multi-problem engineering assumption. The reservation in Kinderdijk near Rotterdam (19 windmills) and the complex in the Zaandam district have been already organized. We hope that the Unique Dutch landscape will be prese rved not only in the masterpiece pictures of old painting masters, but also in nature. The author feels obliged to thank Prof. dr. C. A. van Swigchem, the director of Rijksdienst voor Monumentenzorg for a very good arrangement of his visit to the Netherlands in 1973. He also expresses his hea rt-felt thanks to Mr. A. P. Srnaal of Afdeling Voorlichting, Rijksdienst voor de Monumentenzorg in Zeisl and Mr. W. Timp, the conservator of the Gemeentelijk Bureau voor Monumentenzorg in Amsterdam.

Keywords

PL

ochrona zabytków w Holandii; holenderska ustawa o ochronie zabytków; wiatraki holenderskie; zespół staromiejski Amsterdamu; historia rozbudowy Amsterdamu; ochrona holenderskich wiatraków

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1976
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 43-55

Dates

published

1976

Contributors

author

Kornecki Marian

• mgr, Zespół Dokumentacji Zabytków Kraków

References

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