Caucasian Albanian Warriors in the Armies of pre-Islamic Iran

• Authors: FARROKH Kaveh , SÁNCHEZ-GRACIA Javier , MAKSYMIUK Katarzyma
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Albania, an ancient country in the Caucasus, was turned into a Sasanian province by Šāpūr I (c. 253). The Albanians became increasingly integrated into the battle order of the Iranian army (especially cavalry). All along the Caspian coast the Sasanians built powerful defense works, designed to bar the way to invaders from the north. The most celebrated of these fortifications are those of Darband in Caucasian Albania. Albania remained an integral part of the Sasanian Empire until the Arab conquest of Iran.

Keywords

EN

Iranian military; Albania; Sasanian Empire; Darband; the Caucasus

• Publisher: Uniwersytet w Siedlcach
• Journal: Historia i Świat
• Year: 2019
• Issue: 8
• Pages: 21-36

Dates

published

2019

Contributors

author

FARROKH Kaveh

author

SÁNCHEZ-GRACIA Javier

author

MAKSYMIUK Katarzyma

• Instytut Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych Wydział Humanistyczny Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach

References

• Ammianus Marcellinus: The later Roman Empire, ed. J.C. ROLFE, Cambridge, Mass. 1939.
• Arrian, The Anabasis of Alexander, ed. E.J. CHINNOCK, London 1884.
• BACK, M. (1978), Die sassanidischen Staatsinschriften. Studien zur Orthographie und Phonologie des Mittelpersischen der Inschriften zusammen mit einem etymologischen Index des mittelpersischen Wortgutes und einem Textcorpus der behandelten Inschriften, Tehran-Leiden
• Baladhuri (al-), Aḥmad bin Yaḥyā, Kitab Futuh al-Buldan [Book of the Conquests of Lands], ed. M.J. de GOEJE, Leiden 1866.
• Ełišē, History of Vardan and the Armenian War, ed. R.W. THOMSON, , Cambridge, Mass. 1982.
• Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, ed. J. CREED, Oxford 1984.
• Movsēs Dasxurancʿi, The History of the Caucasian Albanians, tr. C.J.F. DOWSETT, London 1961.
• Peter the Patrician, ed. C. MÜLLER, Paris 1868, 181-191.
• Pliny, Natural History, tr. Ph. HOLLAND, London 1847-1848.
• Procopius, Bella, ed. H.B. DEWING, Cambridge, Mass., 1914-1928.
• Strabo, Geographica, ed. H.L. JONES, J.R.S. STERRET, Cambridge, Mass. 1924.
• The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos, tr. R.W. THOMSON, Liverpool 1999.
• HÜBSCHMANN H. (1969), Die Altarmenischen Ortsnamen, Amsterdam.
• JACKSON BONNER M.R. (2017), ‘A Brief Military History of the Later Reign of Šāpur II’, Historia i Świat 6, 97-105.
• JULLIEN C. (2009), ‘Christianiser le pouvoir: images de rois sassanides dans la tradition syro-orientale’, Orientalia Christiana Periodica 75, 119-131
• KETTENHOFEN E. (1994). ‘Darband’, Encyclopedia Iranica 7.1, 13-19.
• KHALILOV Dj. (1976), ‘Serebryanoye blyudo s pozolotoy iz drevney Shemakhi’, Vestnik Drevnei Istorii 1, 146-149.
• KHALILOV DJ., BABAEV I. (1978). Antichnye traditsii v material’noĭ kul’ture i iskusstve narodov Sovetskogo Vostoka, Moscow.
• KHURSHUDIAN E. (2015), Gosudarstwiennyje instituty Parfianskovo i Sasanidskovo Irana, Almaty.
• KRAMERS J.H. (1936), ‘The military colonization of the Caucasus and Armenia under the Sassanids’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 8.2-3, 613-618.
• KUDRYAVTSEV A.A. (1978), ‘O datirovke pervykh sasanidskikh ukrepleniĭ v Derbente’, Sovetskaya arkheologiya 3, 243-258.
• LENSKI N. (2007), ‘Two Sieges of Amida (Ad 359 and 502-503) and the Experience of Combat in the Late Roman Near East’. in The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest, eds. A.S. LEWIN, P. PELLEGRINI, Oxford, 219-236.
• LEWENTAL D. (2011), Qādisiyyah, Then and Now: A Case Study of History and Memory, Religion, and Nationalism in Middle Eastern Discourse, Ph.D. diss., Brandeis University.
• MADELUNG W. (1985), ‘The minor dynasties of northern Iran’, in Cambridge History of Iran: Vol.4 The Period from the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs, R.N. FRYE, Cambridge, 198-249.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2015a), Geography of Roman-Iranian wars: military operations of Rome and Sasanian Iran, Siedlce.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2015b), ‘The Pahlav-Mehrān family faithful allies of Xusrō I Anōšīrvān’, Метаморфозы истории 6, 163-179.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2016), ‘Die finanziellen Abrechnungen in den persisch-römischen Kriegen in den Zeiten der Sasaniden’, Historia i Świat 5, 149-157.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2017), ‘Destruction of the Ādur Gušnasp temple in Ādurbādagān as a revenge for abduction of the Holy Cross from Jerusalem in the context of the letters of Heraclius’, Метаморфозы истории 9, 109-125.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2018a), ‘Strategic aims of Šāpur II during the campaign in northern Mesopotamia (359-360)’, Historia i Świat 7, 87-97.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2018b), ‘Znacheniye okhrany kavkazskikh prokhodov v otnosheniyakh mezhdu Vizantiyey i sasanidskim Iranom (363-506 gg.’,), in CAUCASO-CASPICA: Trudy Instituta vostokovedeniya Rossiysko-Armyanskogo (Clavyanskogo) universiteta. Vypusk II-III 2017-2018, ed. G. Asatryan, Erevan, 5-11.
• MAKSYMIUK K. (2019), ‘The strategic significance of Cyprus at the first half of 7th century CE’, OANNES Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2.
• MASHKOOR M.J. (1366/1987), Tarikhe Siyasiye Sassanian, Tehran.
• MATOFI A. (1378/1999), Tarikh-e-Chahar Hezar Sal-e Artesh-e Iran: Az Tamadon-e Elam ta 1320 Khorsheedi, Jang-e- Iran va Araqh, Tehran.
• MINORSKY V. (1953). ‘Caucasica IV’, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 15,.3, 504-529.
• MINORSKY V. (1958), A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th–11th Centuries, Cambridge.
• MINORSKY V. (1965), ‘Daylam’, in Encyclopedie de l'Islam, nouvelle Edition tome II, eds. B. LEWIS, CH. PELLAT, J. SCHACHT, Leiden & Paris, 195-200.
• MOSIG-WALBURG K. (2009), Römer und Perser: vom 3. Jahrhundert bis zum Jahr 363 n.Chr., Gutenberg.
• PÉRIKHANIAN A.G. (1982), ‘Etimologicheskiye zametki’, Patma-Banasirakan Handes 1, 77-80.
• POURSHARIATI P. (2008), Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: the Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran, London.
• ROSE J. (2011), Zoroastrianism: A Guide for the Perplexed, New York.
• SHAPIRA D. (2015), On the Relative Value of Armenian Sources for the Khazar Studies: The Case of the Siege of Tbilisi, in Studies on Iran and The Caucasus In Honour of Garnik Asatrian, eds. U. BLASING, V. ARAKELOVA, M. WEINREICH, Leiden, 45-62.
• STRATOS A. (1968), Byzantium in the Seventh Century. I. 602-634, Amsterdam.
• The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, ed., J.R. MARTINDALE, Cambridge 1992.
• TOUMANOFF C. (1962), Review of C.J.F. Dowsett's The History of Caucasian Albanians by Movses Dasxuranci, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 25, 1-3, 364-366.
• TOUMANOFF C. (1969), Chronology of the Early Kings of Iberia, Traditio 25, 1-33.
• TREVER K. (1959), Ocherki po istorii i kulfture Kavkazskoi. Albanii, Moscow & Leningrad.
• VIVIAN M.R. (1987), A Letter to Shapur: The Effect of Constantinefs Conversion on Roman-Persian Relations, Ann Arbor.
• WEBER U. (2016), NARSEH, Encyclopadia Iranica, online edition, 2016, available at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/narseh-sasanian-king (accessed on 23 May 2016)
• WHITBY M. (2013), Siege Warfare and Counter-Siege Tactics in Late Antiquity (ca. 250-640), in War and Warfare in Late Antiquity v.2, eds. A. Sarantis, N. Christi, Leiden & Boston, 433-459.
• WIESEHOFER J. (2001). Ancient Persia: From 550 BC to 650 AD., London.

Identifiers

DOI

https://doi.org/10.34739/his.2019.08.02