Systemy wyborcze i mniejszości narodowe w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej. Od przejścia do konsolidacji demokracji

• Authors: Carlos Flores Juberías

Title variants

EN

Electoral systems and national minorities in Central and Eastern Europe: A dilemma in five paradigms revisited

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Dziesięć lat temu, w ramach wspólnej refleksji dotyczącej polityki uczestnictwa mniejszości narodowych w pokomunistycznej Europie, zaproponowałem klasyfikację różnych sposobów, według jakich prawo wyborcze tych krajów zajęło się problemem reprezentacji parlamentarnej mniejszości narodowych. Wówczas stwierdziłem, że wzory zawarte w ustawach wyborczych oscylowały od ich skrajnej wrogości, zabraniającej tworzenia partii o charakterze narodowym, do ich uwzględnienia, gdzie przynależność narodowa została przekształcona w podstawę reprezentacji politycznej, przechodząc przez szeroki zakres pośrednich strategii, jak utrudniająca reprezentację, będąca obojętną w stosunku do niej, ułatwiająca ją w praktyce i udzielająca jej prawnych gwarancji. Obecnie, w sytuacji, w której demokracja jest już skonsolidowana, dziedzictwo wojen bałkańskich stopniowo zanika, a dziesięć z tych krajów jest już częścią UE, jest łatwo przewidzieć, że wyobrażenie, jak powinno wyglądać właściwe potraktowanie mniejszości narodowych w ustawach wyborczych powinno ulec istotnej zmianie. Na podstawie paradygmatów, badam jak zmienił się w ustawach sposób traktowania mniejszości narodowych, szukam wyjaśnienia, dlaczego te zmiany miały miejsce, i próbuję oszacować ich konsekwencje w reprezentacji parlamentarnej mniejszości narodowych, a nawet więcej, w jej społecznej i politycznej integracji w regionie.

EN

Ten years ago and within the framework of a collective reflection on the politics of national minority participation in Post-Communist Europe, I proposed a classification of the diverse ways in which the electoral laws of these countries were addressing the problem of the parliamentary representation of ethnic minorities. In that essay, I argued that formulas contained in these electoral laws had swung from the extreme hostility of those prohibiting the creation of ethnically based parties, to the inclusiveness of those where ethnicity had been converted into the very basis of political representation, going through a wide range of intermediate strategies like hindering that representation, being indifferent towards it, facilitating it in practice, and providing legal guarantees for it. Now in a context in which democracy is already consolidated, the legacy of the Balkan wars is gradually disappearing, and ten of these countries are already part of the EU, it is easy to anticipate that the perception of what should be an adequate treatment for national minorities in electoral laws should have substantially changed. On the basis of the above mentioned paradigms, this paper examines the manners in which these laws have changed their treatment of national minorities, seeks to give an explanation as to why these changes have taken place, and tries to assess their implications in the parliamentary representation of minorities – and, even more, in its social and political integration – through the region.

Keywords

PL

mniejszości etniczne; systemy wyborcze; Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia; reprezentacja parlamentarna

EN

Minorities, electoral systems; Central and Eastern Europe; Parliamentary representation

• Publisher: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe, Stowarzyszenie
• Journal: Studia Wyborcze
• Year: 2014
• Volume: tom XVII
• Pages: 27-56

Dates

published

2014

Contributors

author

Carlos Flores Juberías

• Uniwersytetu w Walencji, Hiszpania

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