O polskim chudym i czeskim chudým z punktu widzenia semantyki i aksjologii

• Authors: Siatkowska Ewa

Title variants

EN

Chudy in Polish and chudý in Czech from the point of view of semantics and axiology

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The article presents an outline of the historical development of the semantics and axiology of the Polish and Czech approximate words (= words of similar sound but different senses in two related languages), chudy and some of its synonyms: szczupły, smukły, cienki (‘lean’, ‘having little flesh’) and skromny, ubogi, biedny, nędzny (‘poor in relation to material goods’) in Polish with their Czech equivalents. Lean, skinny is the dominant meaning of the present-day Polish lexeme chudy. In the Old Polish language of the 15th and the 16th century, the adjective chudy denoting ‘a thin person’ was noted to also have the meaning of ‘poor’. As the word is found in church songs and in Ł. Górnicki's writings, it is possible that this meaning arose due to the Czech influence. The author of this article has not found any later occurrences of the word with the meaning ‘poor’; however, the biblical expression of chudy rok (‘lean year’) has maintained the meaning of ‘unfruitful’ in Polish. The lexeme chudy, signifying ‘poor’, originated in the Czech language in the13th or the 14th century. The previous meaning of ‘thin’ was adopted by the word hubeny. The lexeme chudomacka ‘soup poor in fat’ based on the root chud- carries traces of the previous meaning. Reference to this sense (i.e. ‘having little flesh’, ‘lean’) can be found in the context of atmosféra chudá na kyslík ‘atmosphere with little oxygen’, ‘poor in oxygen’. The article also discusses contemporary semantic changes, which nowadays have positive connotations, especially with respect to the female gender.

Keywords

PL

approximate words; semantics; axiology; Polish; Czech

• Publisher: Committee on Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Journal: Rocznik Slawistyczny
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 63
• Pages: 99-111
• Document type: ARTICLE

Contributors

author

Siatkowska Ewa

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