The Scottish diaspora in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

• Authors: Górnik Dorota

Title variants

EN

Szkocka Diaspora na terenie Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

At the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth experienced an unprecedented influx of Scottish immigrants. It is estimated that at its peak (the 1640s) there were approximately 30,000 Scottish settlers in Poland (Bajer, 2012, p.77). At a time when Europe was engulfed in various wars and religious conflicts, the multi-ethnic and tolerant Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth became 'the America of those days' for Scottish migrants (Popławska, 1993, p. 35), enabling them to obtain full civic rights and gain the highest distinctions. Hence, this article is concerned primarily with the main factors that enticed this migration as well as the Scot's contribution to religious, political and military life of Poland.

PL

Na przełomie szesnastego i siedemnastego wieku Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów doświadczyła bezprecedensowego napływu szkockich imigrantów. Szacuje się, że w okresie największego wzrostu imigracji, w Polsce było około 30,000 szkockich osadników (Bajer,2012, p.77). W czasach, kiedy Europa pochłonięta była różnymi wojnami i konfliktami o podłożu religijnym, zróżnicowana etnicznie oraz tolerancyjna Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów stała się 'Ameryką tamtych czasów' dla szkockich migrantów (Popławska, 1993, p.35), umożliwiająca zdobycie pełnych praw obywatelskich jak również najważniejszych funkcji w państwie. Niniejszy artykuł, zatem poświęcony jest analizie głównych czynników, które wpłynęły na migracje jak również udział Szkotów w życiu politycznym, religijnym i wojskowym ówczesnej Polski.

Keywords

EN

Scots; immigration; the Commonwealth; Scottish settlers

PL

Szkoci; imigracja; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; szkoccy osadnicy

• Publisher: Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
• Journal: Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
• Year: 2020
• Volume: 1
• Pages: 169-182

Dates

published

2020

Contributors

author

Górnik Dorota

• Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie

References

• Anderson, R. (1997). Scotsmen in the Service of the Czars. Edinburgh: The Pentland Press Ltd.
• Bajer, P. (2012). Scots in the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth,16th-18th Centuries. The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group. Leiden: Boston.
• Benfield, T. H. (2009). Dictionary of Quotations(Classical). BiblioBazaar, LLC.
• Biegańska, A. (1992). A Note on the Scots in Poland, 1550-1800. In T.C. Smout. Scotland and the Sea. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers.
• Biegańska, A.(1994). Żołnierze szkoccy w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Studia i Materiały do Historii Wojsk.
• Brown, P. (1973). Early Travellers in Scotland, 1891. Edinburgh: James Thin Bookseller.
• Brzeziński, R. (1986). British Mercenaries in the Baltic 1569-1683. Millitary Illustrated: Past and Present.
• Davies, N. (1982). God’s Playground. A History of Poland. Vol. 1, The Origins to 1795. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Dembkowski, H. (1982). The Union of Lublin, Polish Federalism in the Golden Age. Boulder: East European Monographs.
• Fisher, T. (1903). The Scots in Eastern and Western Prussia. Edinburgh: Otto Schulze & Co.
• Gilbert, E.(1641). Nevves from Poland. London: Nathanael Butter.
• Hosh, W. Bishop's Wars. https://www.britannica.com/event/Bishops-Wars, 07.02.2020.
• Houston, R., Withers, C. (1990). Population Mobility in Scotland and Europe, 1600-1900: A Comparative Perspective, Paris: Annales De Demographic Historique. https://www.persee.fr/doc/adh_0066-2062_1990_num_1990_1_1772, 09.02.2020.
• Key, B.(2006). The Scottish World: A Journey Into the Scottish Diaspora. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing Company. https://noweszkoty.com/2013/06/04/why-nowe-szkotyalthough-the-first-scottish-travellers-came/, 12.02.2020.
• Key, B.(2013). Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – general overview. http://polishscottishheritage.co.uk/?heritage_item=scots-in-poland, 14.02.2020.
• Konopka, B. (2014). Scots in Poland, Poles in Scotland. www.krakowpost.com , 14.02.2020.
• Koyama, S. (2007). The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity. In: T. Hayashi, H. Fukuda (eds.). Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. Hokkaido: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University
• Kromer, M. (1901), Polonia sive de situ, populis, moribus, magistratibus et Republica regni Polonici libri duo, 1578 [ Poland or on theSituation, People, Customs, Administrations and the Commonwealth of the Polish Kingdom in two volumes,1578]. Cracow: Akademia Umiejętności.
• Kuklo, C (1996). Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski. Warszawa: PWN.
• Lithgow, W.(1906). The Totall Discoveries of the Rare Adventures and Painefull. Perigrinations. Glasgow. http://www.tartansauthority.com/global-scots/poland/scots-in-poland-1576-1793/, 06.02.2020.
• MacRobert, C.(1998). Oxford Slavonic Papers. Tom 32. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Marszalek, M. (2014). For the Love of Kilt and Żupan: Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. www.Polishcenter.net, 14.02.2020.
• Moryson, F. (1617). An Itinerary Containing his ten Yeers Travel Through the Twelve Bomerland, Swizerland, Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Italy, Turkey, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. London
• Murdoch, S. (2001). Scotland and Thirty Year's War, 1618-1648. Boston: Koln.
• Olszewski, K (2007). The Rise and Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth due to Grain Trade. University of Venice. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/68805/1/MPRA_paper_68805.pdf, 1l.02.2020.
• Ożog, C.(1995). “Scottish Merchants in Poland 1550-1750”. In: Journal of the Sydney Society for Scottish History, vol. 3.
• Pogonowski, C.(1987). Poland: A Historical Atlas. New York: Hippocrene Books.
• Popławska, D. (1993). Polska Azylem Europejskich Emigrantów na Przełomie Wieków Średnich I Nowożytnych. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
• Smout, T. (1994). A History of the Scottish People. London: Collins.
• Steuart, F.(1915). Papers Relating to the Scots in Poland 1576-1798. Edinburgh:The University Press. http://www.tartansauthority.com/global-scots/poland/scots-in-poland-1576-1793/, 06.02.2020.
• Tomaszewski, I. (2011). Scotland and Poland : Historical Encounters, 1500-2010. www.cosmopolitanreview.com ,14.02.2020.
• Whyte, D. (2005). Scottish Society, 1500-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Wilson, A. (1653). The History of Great Britain, being the Life and Reign of King James the First, relating to what passed from his first access to the Crown till his death. London. http://www.tartansauthority.com/global-scots/poland/scots-in-poland-1576-1793/, 06.02.2020.
• Wilson, P. (2012). The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy. Cambridge: Belknap Press.
• Worthington, D. (2016). British and Irish Experiences and Impressions of Central Europe, c. 1560-1688. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company.
• Wyczański, A. (1973). Polska w Europie XVI stulecia. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper.

Notes

http://lcpijournal.pwsz.chelm.pl