EN
The study deals with a comparison of the literary and historiographic sources of the Middle Ages in the Czech lands in relation to the life of children and conception of childhood in the written monuments. It starts from the fact that childhood has not yet been assessed in entertaining literature. The text follows the conception of childhood on several levels; the predestination of children, the reflection of the divine child and the education and way of life of children. At the same time, it makes distinctions in the individual genres and gender breakdowns, and also in the assessment of a good and bad society. Using the example of new translations form the domestic German literature and its comparison with the Latin and Old-Czech sources from the Czech lands, it proves that the literary monuments comprise a component of the source historiographic matter. At the same time, it also follows the genesis of literature for children with that, namely a comparison of the earliest evidence on the future fairy tales for children.