Konserwacja zabytków architektury - uwagi o metodzie

• Authors: Tajchman Jan

Title variants

EN

The Conservation of Monuments of Architecture — Remarks on the Method

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

The conservation of monuments of architecture is a highly complex process (Table 1). Its proper programming and execution call for a definite method of conduct whose point of departure is a thorough acquaintance with the monument in question and its assessment; these procedures lead to the formulation of conservation postulates and conclusions that serve as a base for the conservation project. The implementation of the latter must be conducted under suitable surveillance and end with post-execution documentation Extreme importance is attached to an all-sided familiarity with the monument since conservation is i.e. the outcome of the history and specificity of a given monument of architecture. We commence this examination with a measurement-drawing inventory. The basic part of the examination, however, consists of complex historical investigations which include: a) a historical-conservation study, b) archaeological research c) architectonic research (also known as a morphological analysis) .These investigations are supplemented by analyses of the decoration (e.g. paintings) and specialist analyses made upon the basis of the natural sciences (archeometric analyses). The final result of the study is the stratification and construction history of the monument together with scientific conclusions and a basis for preparing conservation conclusions and postulates.The monument under examination must be subjected to evaluation since the latter is decisive for the trend and range of further work. An evaluating analysis should pertain to all elements of the monument in its present-day shape as well as to historical transformations and conservation if such had been conducted. Detailed knowledge about the monument, the result of the evaluating analysis as well as postulates which stem from the contemporary theory of the protection of cultural property comprise a foundation for the preparation of conclusions and conservation postulates (Table II) which include: a) a general conservation conception which determines the further vision of the work of architecture as a whole, b) an analysis of the spatial-functional configuration which indicates which elements of that configuration should be retained (and even recreated) and which can be altered, c) an analysis of further various elements of the monument (such as its surrounding, the solid itself, details, outfitting, material etc.) from the point of view of their retention, manner of presentation, supplementation and eventual recreation.The accepted conclusions become directives that make it possible to prepare a conservation project which foresees various types of work such as adaptation, conservation (of the substance) and restoration. In case of need, these undertakings also include reintegration and recomposition, not to mention assorted manners of preservation (Table III). Such a project must be consulted by the authors of the research and it should resolve all conservation problems. It is precisely these features which distinguish it from projects made for modern constructions. The main executor of these projects is the architect who should have suitable predispositions and the capability of subjugating himself to the monument. The subsequent stage is the implementation of the project which should place the main emphasis on the concurrence of practical work and the project; it should also make the executor aware of the need to respect the authentic substance. Realisation calls for constant group surveillance whose duty it is to register the discovered elements, to alter the documentation, to pursue further research and to collect material for post-execution documentation. Authorss surveillance is the best school for the practical conservation of monuments of architecture.The realisation of the conservation programme should end with post-execution documentation which is not only essential for the future exploitation of the building but, predominantly, fulfils the scientific functions of an historical document. Documentation of this type should be prepared in such a manner as to enable its publication which presents the outcome and accomplishments of the conservation realisation.

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 1995
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 150-159

Dates

published

1995

Contributors

author

Tajchman Jan

• Zakład Konserwatorstwa

References

• J. Tajchman, Badania i prace projektowe w zabytkach architektury w świetle ogolnej problematyki ochrony i konserwacji zabytkow, „Ochrona Zabytkow” 1985, nr 3-4, s. 157-162.
• J. Bogdanowski, Przyczynek do wspołczesnych problemow ochrony i konserwacji zabytkow, „Kuryer Konserwatorski” 1991, nr 3, s.13.
• J. Zachwatowicz, O metodach ochrony i rewaloryzacji historycznych ośrodkow miejskich „Ochrona Zabytkow” 1972, nr 1, s. 5;
• E. Małachowicz, Ochrona środowiska kulturowego, Warszawa 1988, t. I, s. 231 i n.
• M. Brykowska, Dokumentacja do prac konserwatorskich, „Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej — Budownictwo” 1981, z. 70, s. 142 i n.
• J. Riederer, Archoometrie und Denkmalpflage, „Zeitschrift fur Stadtgeschichte Stadtsoziologie und Denkmalpflege” 1976, z. 1, s. 22.
• W. Frodl, Pojęcia i kryteria wartościowania zabytkow, Warszawa 1966.
• K. Pawłowski, M. Witwicki, Problem oceny wartości zabytkowej historycznych zespołow miejskich, „Ochrona Zabytkow” 1968, nr 4, s. 3;
• Z. Bieniecki, Potrzeba i drogi ochrony obiektow architektury najnowszej, „Ochrona Zabytkow” 1969, nr 2, s. 94;
• J. Tajchman, Kamienica mieszczańska jako problem konseneatorski (w:) Dzieło sztuki i zabytek. Materiały z XXV Sesji S. H. S. Warszawa 1976, s. 127 i n.
• A. Barbacci, Konserwacja zabytkow we Włoszech, Warszawa 1966, s. 163.

Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247