Dlaczego król Zulusów Dingaan zdecydował się na zabójstwo Pieta Retiefa i jego towarzyszy?

• Authors: Leśniewski Michał

Title variants

EN

Why did the Zulu King Dingaan Decide to Murder Piet Retief and his Companions?

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

The decision of the Zulu King Dingaan to kill Piet Retief is the topic of many debates, starting from the very moment when it happened. This text is a voice in the debate. It tries to decide when Dingaan took this decision, what were his motives and to what extent the actions of Piet Retief influenced Dingaan. It also deals, at least to some extent, with the question of the inevitability of Zulu-Boer confrontation in 1838.

Keywords

EN

Zulu King Dingaan; Piet Retief; the motives of the murder; Zulu-Boer confrontation

• Publisher: Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne
• Journal: Afryka
• Year: 2014
• Issue: 40
• Pages: 111-126

Contributors

author

Leśniewski Michał

• Instytut Historyczny, Wydział Historyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warszawa, Polska

References

• Jane Bird Papers, Pietermaritzburg Archive Repository, A1210.
• Colonial Office Records, National Archives, CO 48/175.
• Domestic Records, National Archives, PRO 30/86/1.
• Government House Records, Cape Town Archives Repository, GH 8/6.
• Kirkman Papers, Killie Campbell Africana Library, KCM 89/36/1, File 1.
• S.S. Maritz Donation, Pietermaritzburg Archive Repository, A 53.
• C.J. Uys Donation, Pietermaritzburg Archive Repository, A 64. Grahamstown Journal.
• The South African Commercial Advertiser.
• John Bird (red.), The Annals of Natal, t. I–II, Pietermaritzburg 1888.
• British Parliamentary Papers, 1850, Correspondence Relative to the Settlement of Natal, vol. 38, no. 1292, London 1851.
• John C. Chase (red.), The Natal Papers: A Reprint of All Notices and Public Documents Connected with the Territory Including a Description of the Country and a History of Events from 1498 to 1843, t. I–II, Cape Town 1968.
• G.E. Cory (red.), The Diary of the Rev. Francis Owen, M.A. Missionary with Dingan in 1837–1838, Cape Town 1926.
• Nathaniel Isaacs, Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa, t. II, London 1836.
• Basil J.T. Leverton (red.), Records of Natal, 1823–1839, t. II, Pretoria 1989.
• Gustav S. Preller (red.), Voortrekkermense: Dokumente oor die Geskiedenis van die Voortrek met Aantekeninge en Bijlae, t. I, Kaapstad, Bloemfontein 1918.
• H.S. Pretorius, D.W. Kruger (red.), Voortrekker-Argiefstukke, 1829–1849, Pretoria 1937.
• Andre du Toit, Hermann Giliomee (red.), Afrikaner Political Thought. Analysis and Documents, t. I, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 1983.
• William Wood, Statements Respecting Dingaan King of the Zoolahs with Some Particulars Relating to the Massacres of Messers Retief and Biggars and Their Parties, Cape Town 1840.
• Agar-Hamilton J.A.I., The Native Policy of the Voortrekkers. An Essay in the History of the Interior of South Africa, 1836–1858, Cape Town 1928.
• Ballard Charles, Traders, Trekkers and Colonists,[w:] Natal and Zululand from Earliest Times to 1910. A New History, Andrew Duminy, Bill Guest (red.), Pietermaritzburg 1989.
• Becker Peter, Dingane, King of the Zulu, 1828–1840. The Rule of Fear of the Chieftain who Terrorized Boer South Africa, New York 1965.
• Benken Przemysław, Wojna zuluska 1879, Zabrze 2012.
• Fiszka-Borzyszkowski Piotr, Wojna zuluska 1879, Warszawa 2010.
• Colenbrander Peter, The Zulu Kingdom, 1828–1879, [w:] Natal and Zululand from Earliest Times to 1910. A New History, (red.) Andrew Duminy, Bill Guest, Pietermaritzburg 1989.
• Cubbin Anthony E., Origins of the British Settlement at Port Natal May 1824 – July 1842, niepublikowana praca doktorska, University of Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 1983.
• Etherington Norman, The Great Treks. The Transformations of Southern Africa 1815–1854, Harlow, London, New York 2001.
• Giliomee Hermann, The Afrikaners. Biography of a People, Cape Town 2003.
• Hamilton Carolyn, Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention, Cambridge MASS, 1998.
• Keegan Timothy, Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order, London 1996.
• Kuper Adam, The death of Piet Retief, „ Social Anthropology” , t. IV, 2007, nr 2;
• Lye W.F., Ndebele Kingdom South of the Limpopo River, „Journal of African History”, t. X, nr 1.
• Meintjes Johannes, The Voortrekkers. The Story of the Great Trek and the Making of South Africa, London 1973.
• Morris Donald R., The Washing of the Spears; the Rise and Fall of Zulu Nation under Shaka and its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879, New York 1965.
• Okoye Felix N.C., Dingane. A Reappraisal, „Journal of African History”, t. X, 1969, nr 2.
• Okoye Felix N.C., Dingane and the Voortrekkers. A Note on South African Historiography, „Journal of Negro History”, t. LVI, 1971, nr 2.
• Omer-Cooper John D., Zulu Aftermath. A Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Bantu Africa, London 1966.
• Olivier Ransford, The Great Trek, Newton Abbot 1973.
• Slater Henry, Transitions in the political economy of Southeast Africa before 1840, niepublikowana praca doktorska, University of Sussex, Brighton 1976.
• McCall Theal George, History of South Africa from 1795 to 1872, t. 2, London 1915.
• Waliński Grzegorz, Terytorium a funkcjonowanie państwa Zulusow przed podbojem kolonialnym (1879), Niepublikowana praca doktorska, Uniwersytet Warszawski 1997.
• Walker Eric A., The Great Trek, London 1948.
• Wilson Monica, Leonard Thompson (red.), The Oxford History of South Africa, t. I, Oxford 1969.
• Wright John B., Hamilton Carolyn, Traditions and Transformations: The Phongolo-Mzimkhulu Region in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries, [w:] Natal and Zululand from Earliest Times to 1910, ed. Andrew Duminy, Bill Guest, Pietermaritzburg 1989.
• Wright John B., The Dynamics of Power and Conflict in the Thukela-Mzimkhulu Region in the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries. A Critical Reconstruction, niepublikowana praca doktorska, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 1989.