EN
The main task of professional training in any kind of human activity including sport is forming a psychological state of readiness to assimilate knowledge, skills and habits. It is especially significant to do intense kinds of activity. Important fact is that the human’s success in such kinds of activity is possible only in achieving the optimal level of professionally important psychological states. And these states might be experienced by a person and be realized and evaluated as actual (or essential) at the moment given. According to the dialectical material understanding of determinism in psychology, influences from outside cause one or another psychological effect not immediately but with the help of inner conditions. The most important component of these inner conditions is the subject’s psychological state, which characterizes it at the moment given and affects the course of psychological proceeds. In the article the definition of hierarchical substructure of psychological state which is important not only in theory but also in methodology, because it underlines the necessity of complex approach of exploring this phenomenon is analyzed. Between the activity and state there is a dialectical connection: conditions and importance of activity determine the features of the state which affects the efficiency of the activity. That is why the problem of interconnection of the activity and the state takes an important place in studies of the overall psychological plan and also in psychological researches, directed at the need of military, work and sports activity. Despite these and other non-mentioned researches, it can be said that the problem of psychological states that occur during the human activity and define its efficiency in many cases is still unsolved. The research, even in the general sense, of the problem of psychological states that arise during the trainings of sportsmen is still not an object of systematical research though it is important enough for a sport practice and for psychology as a science.