Stalle w Kalwarii Zebrzydowskiej w świetle odkryć dokonanych podczas ostatniej konserwacji

• Authors: Elżbieta Pytlarz

Title variants

EN

The stalls in Kalwaria Zabrzydowska – new discoveries made during the last renovation

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

During the renovation of the stalls, situated in the choir of monastery church Our Lady of Angels, done in 2010 we have found several important things. The stalls, with many seats in 2 rows, were put along 3 walls of the choir. There were many times before mentioned in literature, but always dated after 1632 or even later. They consists of many parts made in different times, but the oldest and most interesting are backs of the seats: in the architectural shape with scenes from the life of Holy Mary in bas-relief, surrounded by strapwork ornament. When there were dismantled first time since end of XVII century, on the other side was found, written in sanguine, date: “1617 in Augusto” with signatures of – no doubts – authors. There were several names, sometimes hard to read: twice appeared name of Thomas Barwinek from Krakow; one, of which we know only origin “ from Sieciechow”, then “Tobias Pokorny”, “Alensa[kowicz?]” and others. Beneath, with a different writing character was found inscription: “1696 die 22 Mai”. The first inscription means the end of work on stalls, and it is exactly the same, as we can date basing on the strapwork ornament. Analysing 2 middle scenes we assume that they concern episode of St. Francis ’s life, exactly the moment when he asked for indulgence for pilgrims coming to pray at the church of Holy Mary of Angels, also called Porziuncula by Assisi. This choice of scenes, without anything common to the main subject, is probably connected with similar indulgence, that Franciscan church in Kalwaria obtained in 1612. It indicates, that they started to carve the stalls in 1612 or just after that date. Both scenes are also connected with the name of church – the same as by Assisi. The first of them, Adoration of Holy Mary with Jesus by St. Francis and Franciscan monks, has added later 3 carved coats of arms, connected with Michal Zebrzydowski – the youngest member of Zebrzydowski family – monastery founders. Maybe the seat beneath coats of arms was reserved to this family? During the renovation it was decided that backs of the stalls were made as a whole and nobody ever planned to paint them, apart from mussels, put over bas-reliefs, which were painted blue and gilt. The only added elements were small bas-reliefs, nailed over the primary decoration of frieze: blue panels with gilt sentence, which was part of primer prayer to St. Francis. They were made in the same style as the rest of decoration, so they are probably coming from the first baldachin, removed in 1696. In that time the church was enlarged and they made the new baldachin in a form of balcony with balustrade and wooden vases – similar to the new music choir. Both baldachin and balustrade were later on changed once again. The present balustrade, looking very primitively as a kind of naïf Baroque , was made during the church renovation in years 1793-1832. This renovation, done by father Tulinski, was much criticised later. Stalls were then renovated around half of XIX cent., when were made present lower benches, baldachin, columns and lectern. There were decorated with wooden inlays and veneer, the same as furniture in the sacristy, with date on them: 1859. The last elements were added after the monographic essay on Kalwaria, written by prof. Szablowski in 1933. There were carved quite primitively in pinewood. The last discovery reminds us names of authors. I also proves,that stalls are older than it was suspected. We estimate them as a very good example of early Dutch Mannerism style in Poland. Backboards, together with the oldest chapels of Kalwaria make evidence, how far to the south of Poland came influences of North European art. Maybe it was because of Paul Baudarth, chapels’ designer, who probably brought to woodcarvers some graphic patterns, or maybe made some sketches himself? Translated by Elżbieta Pytlarz

Keywords

PL

snycerstwo; manieryzm; ornament okuciowy; Paweł Baudarth; Tomasz Barwinek; Kalwaria Zebrzydowska; stalle; ikonografia maryjna

• Publisher: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
• Journal: Ochrona Zabytków
• Year: 2013
• Issue: 1-4
• Pages: 61-74

Dates

published

2013

Contributors

author

Elżbieta Pytlarz

• historyk sztuki, zajmuje się teorią sztuki i polską sztuką nowożytną, a także promocją sztuki polskiej i sztuką jako atrakcją turystyczną. Współpracuje z konserwatorami, sprawując m.in. nadzór nad pracami konserwatorskimi w Karniowicach pod Krakowem i w Kazimierzu nad Wisłą. Autorka naukowych i popularnonaukowych artykułów.

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Identifiers

ISSN

0029-8247