Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2013 | 3 | 1 | 27-47

Article title

The Unbearable Likeness of Being a Tourist: Expats, Travel and Imaginaries in the Neo-colonial Orient

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper considers the impact of shared imaginaries of mobility among so-called elite, mobile professionals - early-career expatriates living in Nepal for a period of one to three years. Based on 18 months of fieldwork among expatriates in Kathmandu, I explore the ways in which these actors construct, navigate and narrativise the boundaries between themselves and the many tourists who visit Nepal each year. While in some transnational contexts, these guests may seek to align themselves with other guests such as tourists and foreign residents as a means of asserting and expressing shared commonalities of transnationality and mobility, expatriates in Kathmandu are keen to highlight perceived distance between themselves and other guests as much as they are the perceived proximities between themselves and native Nepalis. In focusing on this former interaction, I show that tourist imaginaries become important means for expatriates to negotiate difference as they learn their new local identities in a context of spatial and temporal transience. Though the academic literatures of migration and tourism have developed more or less in isolation from one another, these two spheres of mobility are in fact very much interrelated. I suggest that anthropological research into the self-conceptions of mobile professionals take into consideration other non-local groups with whom they share local spaces, since these actors can be used instrumentally as a means of strengthening both group and individual identities. If anthropology engages effectively with the interactions between hosts and guests in colonial spaces, I argue that just as much can be gleaned by looking at engagements between guests and other guests. Through a consideration of these border zones of encounter, anthropologists can illustrate ethnographically how individual expatriate identities are negotiated within communities of elite, mobile professionals.

Keywords

Publisher

Year

Volume

3

Issue

1

Pages

27-47

Physical description

Dates

published
2013-02-01
online
2015-05-06

Contributors

  • Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology University of Oxford

References

  • Abram, S. and J. Waldren. 1997. ‘Introduction: Identifying with People and Places’, in S. Abram, J. Waldren and D.V.L. Macleod (eds), Tourists and Tourism: Identifying with People and Places. Oxford: Berg, pp. 1–11.
  • Abram, S., J. Waldren and D. Macleod (eds). 1997. Tourists and Tourism: Identifying with People and Places. Oxford: Berg.
  • Alexander, P. (forthcoming) ‘Learning to Act Your Age: ‘Age imaginaries’ and media consumption in an English secondary school’. In Buckingham, D., M. J. Kehily and S. Bragg (ed.) Youth Cultures in the Age of Global Media. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Armbruster, H. (2010) ‘‘Realising the Self and Developing the African’: German Immigrants in Namibia’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8):1229-1246.[Crossref]
  • Augé, M. 2008. Non-places, London, Verso.
  • Baudelaire, C. (1964 [1863]) The painter of modern life. New York: Da Capo Press.
  • Bell, M. and G. Ward (2000) ‘Comparing temporary mobility with permanent migration’. Tourism Geographies: An International Journal of Tourism Space, Place and Environment, 2(1):87-107.
  • Benjamin, W. (1983) Charles Baudelaire: A lyric poet in the era of high capitalism. Verso: London.
  • Bindloss, J., T. Holden, et al. (2009) Nepal. London: Lonely Planet.
  • Bishop, P. (1989) The myth of Shangri-La: Tibet, travel writing, and the western creation of sacred landscape. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Boorstin, D. J. (1963) The image: or, What happened to the American dream. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Buzard, J. (1993) The beaten track: European tourism, literature, and the ways to culture, 1800-1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Campbell, C. (1987) The Romantic ethic and the spirit of modern consumerism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Castells, M. (2000) The Rise of Network Society, Vol 1, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Central Bureau of Statistics (1990) Statistical Pocket Book. Kathmandu: His Majesty’s Government of Nepal.
  • Chard, C. (1999) Pleasure and guilt on the grand tour: Travel writing and imaginative geography, 1600-1830. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Crouch, D. 1999. ‘Encounters in Leisure and Tourism’, in D. Crouch (ed.), Leisure/Tourism.
  • Geographies: Practices and Geographical Knowledge. London: Routledge, pp. 1–16.
  • Clifford, J. (1992) ‘On ethnographic allegory’. In Clifford, J. and G. E. Marcus (ed.) Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography, xxv, 305 p. Berkeley, CA; London: University of California Press.
  • Coleman, S. and M. Crang (2002) Tourism: Between place and performance. Oxford: Berghahn.
  • Coles, A. and K. Walsh (2010) ‘From ‘Trucial State’ to ‘Postcolonial City’? The Imaginative Geographies of British Expatriates in Dubai’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8):1317-1333.[Crossref]
  • Culler, J. D. (1981) Framing the sign: Criticism and its institutions. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Eskelund, K. (1959) The forgotten valley: A journey into Nepal. London: A. Redman.
  • Farrer, J. (2010) ‘‘New Shanghailanders’ or ‘New Shanghainese’: Western Expatriates’ Narratives of Emplacement in Shanghai’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8):1211-1228.[Crossref]
  • Fechter, A.-M. and K. Walsh (2010) ‘Examining ‘ Expatriate’ Continuities: Postcolonial Approaches to Mobile Professionals’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8):1197-1210.[Crossref]
  • Flaubert, G. and J. P. Germain (1987) Cahier intime de jeunesse: Souvenirs, notes et pensées intimes. Paris: A.-G. Nizet.
  • Franklin, A. (2003) ‘The tourist syndrome: An interview with Zygmunt Bauman’. Tourist Studies, 3(2):205-217.
  • Friedman, T. (1999) The Lexus and the Olive Tree. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux.
  • Han, S. (1992 [1958]) The mountain is young. London: Arrow.
  • Hannerz, U. (1996) Transnational connections: Culture, people, places. London: Routledge.
  • Hausner, S. L. (2006) ‘Pashupatinath at the End of the Hindu State’. Studies in Nepali History and Society, 12(1):119-140.
  • Hindman, Heather. 2002. The Everyday Life Of American Development in Nepal. Studies in Nepali History and Society. 7 (1).
  • Hopwood, D. (1999) Sexual encounters in the Middle East: the British, the French and the Arabs. Reading: Ithaca Press.
  • Jackson, A. (1987) Anthropology at Home. London: Tavistock.
  • Jaworski, A. and C. Thurlow (2011) ‘Tracing place, locating self: Embodiment and remediation in/of tourist spaces’. Visual Communication, 10(3):349-366.[Crossref]
  • Kahn, M. (2003) ‘Tahiti: The ripples of a myth on the shores of the imagination’. History and Anthropology, 14(4):307-326.[Crossref]
  • Kulick, D. and M. Willson (1995) Taboo: sex, identity, and erotic subjectivity in anthropological fieldwork. London: Routledge.
  • Leggett, W. (2005) ‘Terror and the Colonial Imagination at Work in the Transnational Corporate Spaces of Jakarta, Indonesia’. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power 12(2).
  • Leonard, P. (2010) ‘Work, identity and change? Post/colonial encounters in Hong Kong’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(8):1247-1263.[Crossref]
  • Liechty, M. (2005) ‘Building the road to Kathmandu: Notes on the history of tourism in Nepal’. Himalaya, 25(1):19-28.
  • Liechty, M. (2010) ‘The key to an Oriental world: Boris Lissanevitch, Kathmandu’s Royal Hotel and the “Golden Age” of tourism in Nepal’. Studies in Nepali History and Society, 15(2):253-295.
  • MacCannell, D. (1976[1999]) The tourist: A new theory of leisure class. Schocken Books Inc., New York.
  • Moran, P. (2004) Buddhism observed: Travelers, exiles and Tibetan Dharma in Kathmandu. London: Routledge Curzon.
  • Netton, I. R. (1990) ‘The mysteries of Islam’. In Rousseau, G. S. and R. Porter (ed.) Exoticism in the Enlightenment. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Norum, R. (forthcoming) ‘The Sexpat? Trekking, sex tourism and Western elite mobile professionals in the high Himalaya’. In Dubel, M. and S. Kimm (eds.) Sex Work(s). Vienna: HammockTreeRecords Kollektivs.
  • Ortner, S. B. (2000) Life and death on Mt. Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan mountaineering. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Peissel, M. (1966) Tiger for breakfast: The story of Boris of Kathmandu. Delhi: Time Books International.
  • Pradhanang, S. B. (2009) Village: The new tourist destination of Nepal. Delhi: Adroit.
  • Qian, J., L. Wei, et al. (2012) ‘Consuming the Tourist Gaze: Imaginative geographies and the reproduction of sexuality in Lugu Lake’. Geografiska Annaler, 94(2):107-124.
  • Ricœur, P. (1984) Time and narrative. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Salazar, N. B. (2012) ‘Tourism imaginaries: A conceptual approach’. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2):863-882.[Crossref]
  • Saldanha, A. 2002. ‘Music Tourism and Factions of Bodies in Goa’, Tourism Studies 2(1): 43–63.
  • Satyal, Y. R. (1999) Tourism in Nepal: a profile. Delhi: Adroit Publishers.
  • Shore, C., Nugent, S. (eds). (2002) Elite cultures: anthropological perspectives. ASA Monographs No 38. London: Routledge, 2002.
  • Simpson, C. (1967) Katmandu. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
  • Skinner, J. and D. Theodossopoulos (2011) ‘Introduction’. In Skinner, J. and D. Theodossopoulos (ed.) Great expectations: Imagination and anticipation in tourism. Oxford: Berghahn.
  • Taylor, C. (2002) ‘Modern Social Imaginaries’. Public Culture, 14(1):91-124.[Crossref]
  • Tucker, H. 1997. ‘The Ideal Village: Interactions through Tourism in Central Anatolia’, in S. Abram, J. Waldren and D. Macleod (eds), Tourists and Tourism: Identifying with People and Places. Oxford: Berghahn Books, pp. 107–28,
  • Urry, J. (2011 [1990]) The tourist gaze. London: Sage.
  • Verstraete, G. (2002) ‘Heading for Europe: Tourism and the global itinerary of an idea’. In Verstraete, G. and T. Cresswell (ed.) Mobilizing place, placing mobility: the politics of representation in a globalized world. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi.
  • Whelpton, J. (2005) A history of Nepal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.doi-10_1515_irsr-2013-0003
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.