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2016 | 47 | 2 | 228-232

Article title

Thinking in a foreign language, fast and slow

Authors

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
Several studies (Keysar et al., 2012; Lazar et al., 2014) suggest that decisions made in a foreign language are more rational. The authors imply that when thinking in a language which is not our native tongue, analytical, slow, deep-thinking is activated. The question that underlies the present article is whether this is a characteristic of every mental operation in the foreign medium. Studies carried out by Costa et al. (2014), Geipel et al. (2015) and Hadjichristidis et al. (2015) suggest the issue is much more complex than it may seem. The answer to the question above was sought through a study in which 84 Polish advanced users of English as a foreign language were asked to solve mathematical problems from the Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick, 2005). Initially the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, who subsequently solved the problems in Polish (native tongue) and in English (foreign language). The article presents the results, discusses them and arrives at a number of conclusions as well as implications for further research.

Keywords

Year

Volume

47

Issue

2

Pages

228-232

Physical description

Dates

published
2016-06-01
online
2016-06-16

Contributors

author
  • Pedagogical University, Krakow, Poland

References

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  • Costa, A., Foucart, A., Arnon, I., Aparici, M., & Apesteguia, J. (2014). “Piensa” twice: On the foreign language effect in decision making. Cognition, 130(2), 236–254.[WoS][Crossref]
  • Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25–42.[Crossref]
  • Geipel, J., Hadjichristidis, C., Surian, L. (2015). How foreign language shapes moral judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 59, 8–17.[WoS][Crossref]
  • Hadjichristidis, C., Geipel, J., & Savadori, L. (2015). The effect of foreign language in judgments of risk and benefit: The role of affect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 21(2), 117–129.[Crossref]
  • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Penguin Books.
  • Keysar, B., Hayakawa, S. L., & An, S. G. (2012). The Foreign-Language Effect: Thinking in a Foreign Tongue Reduces Decision Biases. Psychological Science, 23, 661–668.[Crossref][WoS]
  • Lazar, J. N., Stern, A., & Cohen, R. (2014). Decision-Making in a Foreign Language Reduces Emotional Arousal. Psychology, 5, 2180–2188.[Crossref]
  • Preacher, K. J. (2001). Calculation for the chi-square test: An interactive calculation tool for chi-square tests of goodness of fit and independence [Computer software]. Available from .
  • Robinson, P. (2001). Individual differences, cognitive abilities, aptitude complexes and learning conditions in second language acquisition. Second Language Research 17, 4, 368–392.[Crossref]
  • Robinson, P. (2005). Aptitude and second language acquisition. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 25, 46–73.[Crossref]
  • Raghubar, K. P., Barnes, M. A., & Hecht, S. A. (2010). Working memory and mathematics: A review of developmental, individual difference, and cognitive approaches. Learning and Individual Differences, 20, 110–122.[Crossref][WoS]
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice. Science, New Series, 211(4481), 453–458.
  • Weissheimer, J., & Mota, M. B. (2009). Individual differences in working memory capacity and the development of L2 speech production. Issues in Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 93–112.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.doi-10_1515_ppb-2016-0026
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