Segmentation and motivations of the attendees’ of the Mediaschool Festival in Łódź, Poland

• Authors: Waldemar Cudny , Patrycja Ogórek
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The article presents the case study of the Mediaschool Film Festival held in Łódź, a large Polish post-industrial and post-socialist city. The authors’ main goals were to establish the number of the festival visitors, as well as investigate their structure, main motivations to attend the festival, and the level of satisfaction with the festival services. As a result, the authors draw conclusions concerning the role of the festival as a place of the film culture consumption, as well as its role in the development of social capital. The basic method of study was the survey, conducted among the festival visitors in 2011. It contained questions concerning the structure of the festival audience, the evaluation of the event, and the main motivations to attend it. The method was adapted from the event studies, which was a tactical move in order to place the research on the borderline between cultural geography and event studies. Other methods typical of cultural geography and used in the present study included participant observation and semi-structured interview with the festival organisers. The event is one of the urban festivals created after the fall of communism. It is visited mainly by young people, often connected with the Łódź film school. First of all, the festival satisfies the need for contact with culture and film art, thus contributing to the creation of social capital and the development of the film school in Łódź (a part of the cluster of film institutions in the city). The event is a meeting point for film people from Łódź, Poland and abroad. Thus it could be also described as an obligatory point of passage in film-related network of connections.

Keywords

EN

Łódź; post-socialist city; film festival; point of passage.

• Publisher: Sciendo
• Journal: Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 24
• Issue: 24
• Pages: 41-56

Dates

published

2014-06-01

received

2013-11-04

revised

2013-12-08

accepted

2014-01-14

online

2014-11-15

Contributors

author

Waldemar Cudny

• University of Lodz, Branch in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Institute of Tourism and Economic Development, Poland, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 65/67, 97-200 Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland;

author

Patrycja Ogórek

• University of Lodz, Branch in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Institute of Tourism and Economic Development, Poland, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 65/67, 97-200 Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland

References

• Aldskogius, A., 1993: Festivals meets: the place of music Summer Sweden. In: Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, Vol. 75, Issue 2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 55-72.
• Arcodia, C. and Whitford, M., 2006: Festival Attendance and the Development of Social Capital. In: Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, Vol. 8, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.1300/ J452v08n02_01
• Arreola, D., 2005: Forget the Alamo: The Border as Place in John Sayles’ Lone Star. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 23, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 23-42.
• Bassett, K., Griffiths, R. and Smith, I., 2002: Cultural industries, cultural clusters and the city: the example of natural history film-making in Bristol. In: Geoforum, Vol. 33, pp. 165-177.
• Beaton, J., 1983: Why the Movies Chose Hollywood. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 4, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 99-109.
• Bird, E., 1983: Derbyshire Well-Dressing: An Annual Folk Festival. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 3, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 61-72.
• Bowen, H. and Daniels, M., 2005 Does the music matter? Motivations for attending a music festival. In: Event Management, Vol. 9, Issue 3, p. 155-164.
• Brennan-Horley C., Connell J. and Gibson C., 2007: The Parkes Elvis Revival Festival: Economic development and contested place identities in rural Australia. In: Geographical Research, Vol. 45, Issue 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 71-84.
• Carney, G., 1980: Country Music and the South: A Cultural Geography Perspective. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Taylor & Francis Group, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 16-33.
• Carney, G., 1990: Geography of Music: Inventory and Prospect. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 10, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 35-48.
• Crompton, J. and McKay, S., 1997: Motives of visitors attending festival events. In: Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 425-439.
• Cudny, W., 2006: Festiwal Dialogu Czterech Kultur jako przykład strategicznego produktu turystycznego dla Łodzi (Festival of Dialogue of Four Cultures as an example of strategic tourism product for Lodz - in Polish). In: Turystyka i Hotelarstwo, Vol. 10, pp. 117-128.
• Cudny, W., 2011: Film festivals in Łódź as a main component of urban cultural tourism. In: Szymańska, D. and Hołowiecka, B. editors, Bulletin of Geography.
• Socio-economic Series, No. 15, Toruń: Nicolaus Copernicus University Press, pp. 131-141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-011-0009-6
• Cudny, W., 2012: Socio-economic changes in Lodz - the result of twenty years of system transformation. In: Geograficki Časopis, Vol. 64, Issue 1, pp. 3-27.
• Cudny, W., 2013: Festival tourism - the concept, key functions and dysfunctions in the context of tourism geography studies. In: Geografický časopis, Vol. 65, Issue 2, pp. 105-118.
• Cudny, W. and Rouba, R., 2011: Theatre and multicultural festivals in Lodz as a free time management factor among the inhabitants and tourists in the post-industrial city. In: Acta Geographica Universitatis Comenianae, Vol. 55, Issue 1, pp. 3-22.
• Cudny, W. and Rouba, R., 2012a: Festiwale muzyczne jako element funkcji kulturalno - rozrywkowej Łodzi (Music Festivals as an element of cultural - entertainment function in Lodz - in Polish). In: Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług, No. 84 (699), pp. 593-606.
• Cudny, W. and Rouba, R., 2012b: Lodz - Poland. In: Cudny, W. Michalski, T. and Rouba, R. editors Tourism and the transformation of large cities in the post - communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, ŁTN. Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki, pp. 34-68.
• Cudny, W. and Stanik, E., 2013: Man in Danger Media festival in Łódź - the structure and motivations of the festival visitors. In: Annales UMCS, Sectio B, Vol. LXVIII, Issue 1, pp. 69-90.
• Cudny, W., Gosik, B. and Rouba, R., 2011a: Festiwal kultury chrześcijańskiej w Łodzi jako przykład produktu turystycznego - wydarzenie (Festival of christian culture in Lodz as an example of the tourism product - the event - in Polish). In: Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług, No. 66 (648), pp. 89-100.
• Cudny, W., Gosik, B., Piech, M. and Rouba, R., 2011b: Praca dyplomowa z turystyki. Podręcznik akademicki (The rules of writing master’s thesis in tourism. Student’s coursebook - in Polish), Łódź: ŁTN.
• Cudny, W., Korec, P. and Rouba, R., 2012: Resident’s perception of festivals - the case study of Łódź. In: Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review, Vol. 44, Issue 6, pp. 704-728.
• Curtis, R.A., 2010: Australia’s Capital of Jazz? The (re) creation of place, music and community at the Wangaratta Jazz Festival. In: Australian Geographer, Vol. 41, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 101-116.
• Chang, J., 2006: Segmenting tourists to aboriginal cultural festivals: an example in the Rukai tribal area, Taiwan. In: Tourism Management, Vol. 27, Issue 6, Elsevier, pp. 1224-1234.
• D’Hauteserre, A.M., 2011: Festival of Pacific Arts: education in multi-cultural encounters. In: International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, Vol. 20, Issue 4, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 273-280.
• Enyedi, G., 1998: Transformation in Central European Postsocialist Cities. In: Discussion Papers Pécs: Centre for Regional Studies, No. 21.
• Florida, R., 2002: The rise of the creative class, New York: Basic Books.
• Formica, S. and Uysall, M., 1995: A market segmentation of festival visitors: Umbria Jazz Festival in Italy. In: Festival Management & Event Tourism, Vol. 3, Issue 4, Cognizant Communication Corporation, pp. 175-182.
• Getz, D., 2010: The nature and scope of festival studies. In: International Journal of Management Research, Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 1-47.
• Gibson, C. and Connell, J., 2012: Music Festivals and Regional Development in Australia, Ashgate, Farnham.
• Gibson, C. and Stewart, A., 2009: Reinventing rural places. The extent and impact of festivals in rural and regional Australia, Research Report, Australian Research Council, University of Wollongong, report from the website: http://www.uow.edu.au/content/groups/public/@web/@sci/@eesc/documents/doc/uow060229.pdf, DoA: June 2013.
• Gibson, C., Waitt, G., Waamsley, J. and Connell, J., 2010: Cultural festivals and economic development in nonmetropolitan Australia. In: Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 29, Issue 3, Sage Journals, pp. 280-293.
• Gorman-Murray. A., Waitt, G. and Gibson, C., 2008: A Queer Country? A case study of the politics of gay/lesbian belonging in an Australian country town. In: Australian Geographer, Vol. 39, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 171-191.
• Grant, D. and Paliwoda, S., 1998: segmenting Alberta arts and festival consumers: part 1: overwiev of the arts consumer. In: Festival Management & Event Tourism, Vol. 5, Cognizant Communication Corporation, pp. 207-220.
• Hall, M., Mitchell, I. and Keelan, N., 1992: Maori Culture and Heritage Tourism in New Zealand. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Taylor & Francis Group, Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 115-128.
• Hall, M. and Page, S., 2012: Geography and the study of events. In: S.J. Page and J. Connell editors, Routledge Handbook of Events, London, Routledge, pp. 148-164.
• Iso-Ahola, S.E., 1982: Towards a social psychology theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. In: Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 256-262.
• Jackson, P., 2000: Rematerializing social and cultural geography. In: Social & Cultural Geography, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 9-14.
• Jett, S., 1990: Culture and Tourism in the Navajo Country. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 11, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 85-107.
• Johannson, M. and Kociatkiewicz, J., 2011: City festivals: creativity and control in staged urban experiences. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 18, Issue 4, Sage Journals, pp. 392-405.
• Karan, P.P., 1984: Landscape, Religion and Folk Art in Mithila: An Indian Cultural Region. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 5, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 85-101.
• Klima, E. and Rosińska-Bukowska, M., 2012: Brand as an mportant element of regional development strategy at the example of Łódź. In: Michalski, T. and Rad czenko, A., editors. Global, Continental, National and Regional Conditions of Local Development. Gdańsk- Kharkiv: Publishing House ADNDU, pp. 90-98.
• Kubeš, J., 2013: European post-socialist cities and their near hinterland in intra-urban geography literature. In: Szymańska, D. and Hołowiecka, B. editors, Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, No. 19, Toruń: Nicolaus Copernicus University, pp. 19-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0002
• Lange, S., Pechlaner, H. and Abfalter, D., 2009: The impact of culture on territorial profiles - an examination of the contribution of cultural image and cultural networks on the region profiles on North and South Tyrol. In: Pechlaner, H., Abfalter, D., Lange, S. editors Culture and creativity as location factors - looking beyond metropolitan areas. Insbruck: Insbruck University Press, pp. 155-174.
• Lee, C.K., 2000: A comparative study of Caucasian and Asian visitors to Cultural Expo in an Asian setting. In: Tourism Management, Elsevier, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 169-176.
• Lee C.K., Lee Y.K. and Wicks B.E., 2004: Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction. In: Tourism Management, Vol. 25, Issue 1, Elsevier, pp. 61-70.
• Lee, S., Petrick, J. and Crompton, J., 2007: The roles of quality and intermediary constructs in determining festival attendees’ behavioral intention. In: Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 45, Issue 4, Sage Journals, pp. 402-412.
• Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S. and Babin, B., 2008: Festivalscapes and patrons’ emotions, satisfaction, and loyalty. In: Journal of Business Research, Vol. 61, Elsevier, pp. 56-64.
• Liszewski, S. Editor, 2009: Łódź monografia miasta (Łódź - monograph of the city - in Polish), Łódź: ŁTN.
• Lodrick, D., 1987: Gopashtami and Govardhan Puja: Two Krishna Festivals of India. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 7, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 101-116.
• Lukinbeal, C. and Zimmermann, S., 2006: Film Geography: A New Subfield. In: Erdkunde, Vol. 60, Issue 4, pp. 315-325.
• Lutyński, J. and Lutyńska, K., 2000: Metody badań społecznych - wybrane zagadnienia (Methods of social research - selected issues - in Polish), Łódź: ŁTN.
• Maslow, A.H., 1943: A Theory of Human Motivation. In: Psychological Review, Vol. 50, pp. 370-396.
• McDowall, S., 2010: A comparison between Thai residents and non-residents in their motivations, performance evaluations, and overall satisfaction with a domestic festival. In: Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 16, Issue 3, Sage Journals, pp. 217-233.
• Mitchell, C. and Wall, G., 1989: The Arts and Employment: A Case Study of the Stratford Festival. In: Growth and Change, Vol. 20, Issue 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 31-40.
• Mitchell, D., 1995: There’s No Such Thing as Culture: Towards a Reconceptualization of the Idea of Culture in Geography. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 102-116.
• Mitchell, D., 2004: Cultural Geography at the Millennium: A Call to (Intellectual) Arms. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 22, Issue 1, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 155-157.
• Nash, P. and Carney, G., 1996: The seven themes of music geography. In: The Canadian Geographer, Vol. 40, Issue 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 69-74.
• Nicholson, R. and Pearce, D., 2000: Who goes to events: a comparative analysis of the profile characteristics of visitors to four South Island events in New Zealand. In: Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Sage Journals, pp. 236-253.
• Nicholson, R. and Pearce, D., 2001: Why people attend events: a comparative analysis of visitor motivations at four south island events. In: Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 39, Sage Journals, pp. 449-460.
• Piette, A., 1992: Play, reality, and fiction: toward a theoretical and methodological approach to the festival framework. In: Qualitative Sociology, Vol. 15, Issue 1, Springer, pp. 37-52.
• Pratt, A.C., 2008: Creative cities: the cultural industries and the creative class. In: Geografiska Annaler: Series B. Human Geography, Vol. 90, Issue 2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 107-17.
• Prorok, C., 1998: Dancing in the Fire: Ritually Constructing Hindu Identity in a Malaysian Landscape. In: Journal of Cultural Geography Vol. 17, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 89-114.
• Quinn, B., 2005: Arts festivals and the city. In: Urban Studies, Vol. 42, Issue 5-6, Sage Journals, pp. 927-943.
• Ratkowska, P., 2010: O festiwalu w kontekście turystyki kulturowej, czyli turystyka eventowa raz jeszcze (About the festival in the context of cultural tourism, event tourism once again - in Polish). In: Turystyka Kulturowa, No. 4-6, pp. 109-129, accessed on the website www.turystykakulturowa.org (12.09.2011).
• Rembowska, K., 2002: Kultura w tradycji i we współczesnych nurtach badań geograficznych (Culture in tradition and contemporary trends of geographical research - in Polish), Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki.
• Ryan, C. and Gu, H., 2010: Constructonism and culture in research: understandings of the fourth Buddhist Festival, Wataishan, China. In: Tourism Management, Vol. 31, Issue 2, Elsevier, pp. 167-178.
• Scott, A.J., 1999: The cultural economy: geography and the creative field, Media. In: Culture and Society, Vol. 21, pp. 807-817.
• Scott, A.J., 2001: Capitalism, cities, and the production of symbolic forms. In: Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 26, Issue 1, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 11-23.
• Scott, A.J., 2002: A new map of Hollywood: the production and distribution of American motion pictures. In: Regional Studies, Vol. 36, Issue 9, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 957-975.
• Stanisławska, A., 2007: Imprezy kulturalne jako element identyfikacji turystycznej Łodzi (Cultural events as a part of the tourism identification of Łódź - in Polish). In: Stasiak, A. editor Kultura i Turystyka, razem czy oddzielnie?, pp. 205-218. Łódź: Wydawnictwo WSTH w Łodzi.
• Schneider, I. and Backman, S., 1996: Cross - Cultural equivalence of festival motivations: a study in Jordan. In: Festival Management & Event Tourism, Vol. 4, Issue 3-4, Cognizant Communication Corporation, pp. 139-144.
• Valck, De M., 2007: Film festivals: from European geopolitics to global cinephilia, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Visser, G., 2005: Let’s be festive: exploratory notes on festival tourism in South Africa. In: Urban Forum, Vol. 16, Issue 2-3, Springer, pp. 155-175.
• Wasserman, S. and Faust, K., 1994: Social network analysis: methods and applications, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Waterman, S., 1998: Carnivals for elites? The cultural politics of arts festivals. In: Progress in Human Geograhy, Vol. 22, Issue 1, Sage Journals, pp. 54-74.
• Yli-Jokipii, P., 1999: The Cultural Geography of the Summer Dance Pavilions of Ostrobothnia, Finland. In: Journal of Cultural Geography, Vol. 18, Issue 2, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 109-132.
• Young, C. and Kaczmarek, S., 2008: The socialist past and postsocialist urban identity in Central and Eastern Europe. The Case of Łódź, Poland. In: European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 15, Issue 1, Sage Journals, pp. 53-70.
• Yuan, J., Cai, L., Morrison, A. and Linton, S., 2005: An analysis of wine festival attendees’ motivations: a synergy of wine, travel and special events? In: Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol. 11, Issue 1, Sage Journals, pp. 41-58.
• Zyl, C. and Botha, C., 2003: Motivational factors of local residents to attend the Aardklop National Arts Festival. In: Event Management, Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 213-222. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/206977/film-festival - internet website of the Encyclopedia Britanica, DoA: June 2013.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/bog-2014-0013