Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Foreign Employees on Different Skill Job Positions: The Case of the Czech Republic

• Authors: Soňa Schovánková
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The aim of the paper is to discuss the spatial distribution of foreign employees in highlyskilled, skilled and unskilled job positions by using correlation and regression analyses. On the one hand, our results indicate that foreign employees, no matter what job position they work in, usually concentrate in districts where regional centers or eventually large industrial factories are located. The outcomes also indicate that these foreign employees are usually employed in areas where foreigners were also employed in previous years. On the other hand, there seem to be determinants of the spatial distribution of foreigners that differ by job positions. The spatial distribution of foreign employees in highly-skilled job positions seems to be primarily influenced by characteristics of the economic area, whereas the spatial pattern of foreign employees in skilled and unskilled job positions seem to be more determined by the characteristics of the labour market area.

Keywords

EN

Statistics of Employment of Foreigners; Different Skill Job Positions; Spatial Distribution of Foreign Employees; Correlation and Regression Analyses; Czech Republic

• Publisher: Sciendo
• Journal: DANUBE: Law and Economics Review
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 4
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 115-139

Dates

published

2013-06-01

online

2013-07-09

Contributors

author

Soňa Schovánková

• Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Geomigration Center, Albertov 6, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic and PricewaterhouseCoopers Č eská republika, s. r. o., Hveˇzdova 1727/2, Prague, Czech Republic

References

• Act No. 435/2004 Coll., on Employment. (Czech legislation).
• Act No. 326/1999 Coll., on the Stay of Foreigners on the territory of the Czech Republic. (Czech legislation).
• Azarnert, L., V. (2012). Guest-worker Migration, Human Capital and Fertility. Review of Development Economics, 16(2), 318-330.[Crossref]
• Bertoli, S., Moraga, J. F., Ortega, F. (2013). The determinants of International Migration Accounting for Self-selection. Retrieved March 10, 2013, from http://siteresources.worldbank. org/INTTRADERESEARCH/Resources/544824-1323963330969/8322197-1323963911280/Bertoli Moraga Ortega.pdf.
• Blazˇek, J., Csank, P. (2007). A New Phase of Regional Development in the Czech Republic? Sociologicky´ časopis, 43(5), 945-965.
• Blazˇek, J., Netrdová, P. (2009). Can development axes be identified by socio-economic variables? The case of Czechia. Geography, 114(4), 245-262.
• Castles, S. (2002). Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization. International Migration Review, 36(4), 1143-1168.
• Castles, S. (2006). Guestworkers in Europe:Aresurrection? Internation Migration Review, 40(4), 741-766.
• Cerna, L. (2010). Policies and practices of highly skilled migration in times of the economic crisis. International Migration Papers, 99, Geneva: ILO.
• CNB (2013). Foreign direct investments. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.cnb.cz/cs/statistika/platebnibilancestat/publikacepb/pzi/.
• CSO (2012). Classification of occupations (CZ-ISCO). Retrieved December 30, 2012 from http://www.czso.cz/csu/klasifik.nsf/i/klasifikacezamestnani(czisco).
• CSO (2013a). Districts by statistical classification. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from http://www.czso.cz/csu/rso.nsf/i/okresNUTS.
• CSO (2013b). Regional statistics. Retrieved March 15, 2013 from http://www.czso.cz/csu/2012edicniplan.nsf/p/1303-12.
• Čermák, Z., Janská, E. (2011). Distribution and migration of foreigners as a part of the socio-geographical differentiation of Czechia. Geography, 116(4), 422-439.
• Davis, T., Hart, D. M. (2010). International Cooperation to Manage High-Skill Migration: The Case of India-U.S. Relations. Review of Policy Research, 27(4), 509-526.
• Docquier, F., Marfouk, A.,ö zden, C., Parsons, C. (2013). Geographic, Gender and Skill Structure of International Migration. Retrieved March 9, 2013. Available on: http://perso.uclouvain.be/frederic.docquier/filePDF/DMOP-ERF.pdf.
• Drbohlav, D. (1995). International Migration in the Czech Republic - Regional Aspects. In Falt’an, L. (ed.). Regions-Self-Government-European Integration (Case of V-4 Countries) (1st ed). Bratislava: Institute for Sociology of Slovak Academy of Science.
• Drbohlav, D., Medová, L.,Č ermák, Z., Janská, E.,Č ermáková, D., Dzu´rová, D. (2010). Migrace a (i)migranti vČesku. Kdo jsme, odkud prˇicházíme, kam jdeme? (1st ed). Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).
• Gächter, M., Schwazer, P., Theurl, E. (2012). Stronger Sex but Earlier Death: A Multi- Level Socioeconomic Analysis of Gender Differences in Mortality in Austria. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, (1), 1-23.
• Gibson, J., McKenzie, D. (2012). The economic consequences of “brain drain” of the best and brightest: microeconomic evidence from five countries. The Economic Journal, 122(560), 339-375.
• Gross, D. M., Schmitt, N. (2012). Low- and High-Skilled Migration Flows: Free Mobility versus other Determinants. Applied Economics, 44(1), 1-20.[Crossref]
• Gross, D. M., Schmitt, N. (2006). Why do low and high-skill workers migrate? Flow evidence from France. SECifo working paper, 1797, category 7: trade policy.
• Hampl, M. (2001). Geografie transformace v České republice: celkové zhodnocení. In Hampl, M. (ed). Regionální vy´voj: Specifika české transformace, evropská integrace a obecná teorie. Praha: DemoArt. 2001.
• Hampl, M. (2005). Geografická organizace společnosti vČ eské republice: transformační procesy a jejich obecny´ kontext (1st ed). Prague: DemoArt.
• Hanson, G. (2013). International Migration and Development. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTPREMNET/Resources/489960-1338997241035/Growth Commission Workshops Equity Hanson Paper.pdf.
• Horvath, T. (2012). Immigration and the Distribution ofWages in Austria. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, (3), 55-69.
• Huber, P., Pfaffermayer, M., Wolfmayr, Y. (2011). Are There Border Effects in the EU Wage Function? DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, 2(2), 23-41.
• Chaloff, J., Lemaitre, G. (2009). Managing Highly-Skilled Labour Migration: A Comparative Analysis of Migration Policies and Challenges in OECD Countries. OECD Social, Employment and Migration, Working Papers, 79. Paris: OECD Publishing.
• ISPV (2013). Methodological center for CZ-ISCO. Retrieved January 30, 2013, from http://www.ispv.cz/cz/Metodicke-centrum-CZ-ISCO.aspx .
• Jennissen, R. (2003). Economic Determinants of Net International Migration in Western Europe. European Journal of Population, 19(2), 171-198.
• Jennissen, R. (2004). Macro-economic determinants of international migration in Europe. Dissertation thesis. Amsterdam: Dutch University Press.
• Khoo, S.-E., Hugo, G., McDonald, P. (2010). Skilled Migration from Europe to Australia. Population, Space and Place, 17(5), 550-566.
• Khoo, S.-E., McDonald, P., Voigt-Graf, C., Hugo, G. (2007). A Global Labor Market: Factors Motivating the Sponsorship and Temporary Migration of Skilled Workers to Australia. International Migration Review, 41(2), 480-510.[Crossref]
• Koser, K., Salt, J. (1997). The Geography of Highly Skilled International Migration. International Journal of Population Geography, 3(4), 285-303.[Crossref]
• Kostaki, A., Katzamanis, B., Stathakis, D. (2013). The spatial clustering of immigrant population in Greece. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/resources/detail.cfm?IDITEMS=29982.
• Kotlán, I., Machová, Z. (2012).World Tax Index: Methodology and Data. DANUBE: Law and Economics Review, 3(2), 19-33.
• Lobodzinska, A. (2011). Immigrants and Immigration Policy in Ageing Finland. Bulletin of Geography, Socio-economic Series, 15, 43-55.
• Massey, D. S., Arrango, J., Graeme, H., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., Taylor, K. E. (1993). Theories of International Migration: A Review and Appraisal. Population and Development Review, 19(3), 431-466.
• Massey, D. S., Arrango, J., Graeme, H., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., Taylor, K. E. (1998). Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium (1st ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Mayda, A. M. (2007). International migration: A panel data analysis of the determinants of bilateral flows. London: University College London, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, 33.
• Mayda, A. M. (2010). International migration: A panel data analysis of the determinants of bilateral flows. Journal of Population Economics, 23(4), 1249-1274.[Crossref]
• Melegh, A., Kondratieva, E., Salmenhaare, P., Forsander, A., Hablicsek, L., Hegyesi. A. (2004). Globalisation, Ethnicity and Migration. The comparison of Finland, Hungary and Russia. Working papers on population, family and welfare, 79. Budapest: Central Statistical Office.
• MLSA (2012). Internal statistics of the number of renewed work permits and foreign employees registered with the labour office.
• Nosek, V. (2010). Prostorové aspekty sociálních nerovnomeˇrností: Česko v kontextu strˇední a vy´chodní Evropy. Dissertation thesis. Prague: Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague.
• Novotny´, J., Janská, E., Č ermáková, D. (2007). Spatial distribution of immigrants in Czechia and its influencing factors: an attempt at quantitative analysis. Geography, 112(2), 204-220.
• Portes, A., Böröcz, J. (1989). Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives On Its Determinants and Modes Of Incorporation. International Migration Review, 23(3), 606-630.[Crossref]
• Rovolis, A., Tragaki, A. (2012). The Regional Dimension of Migration in Greece: Spatial Patterns and Causal Factors. Retrieved July 1, 2012, from www: http://www-sre.wuwien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa05/papers/774.pdf.
• Salt, J. (1984). High Level Manpower Movements in Northwest Europe and the Role of Careers: An Ecplanatory Framework. International Migration Review, 17(4), 633-652.
• Salt, J. (1992). The future of International Labor Migration. International Migration Review, 26(4), 1077-1111.[Crossref]
• Semyonov, M., Gorodzeisky, A. (2005). Labor Migration, Remittances and Household Income: A Comparison between Filipino and Filipina Overseas Workers. International Migration Review, 39(1), 45-68.
• Schovánková, S. (2013a). How many non-EU foreigners are in fact employed in the Czech Republic? The case of Ukrainians, Vietnamese and Mongolian workers. Demografie, in print.
• Schovánková, S. (2013b). Governance of the international migration of highly-skilled professionals: an empirical analysis from the Czech Republic. Politics in Central Europe, 9(1), in print.
• Schovánková, S., Drbohlav, D. (2013). Spatial distribution of a foreigner labour force by regions of Czechia during the global economic crisis. Ekonomicky´ časopis, in print.
• Spurná, P. (2008). Spatial Autocorrelation - A Pervasive Phenomenon in the Analysis of Spatial Data?. Sociologicky´ časopis, 44(4), 767-787.
• Sˇ tika, R. (2002). Indices of the horizontal and vertical geographical positions. Charles University in Prague, Department of the social geography and regional development.
• To´th, G., Kinces,á . (2010). Regional distribution of immigrants in Hungary. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 59(2), 107-130.
• Willis, K. (1975). Regression models of migration. An economic reappraisal of some techniques. Geografiska Annaler, 57 B (1), 42-54.
• Van Der Gaag, N., VanWissen, L. (2001). Determinants of the subnational distribution of immigration. Tijdschrift Economische en Sociale Geografie, 92(1), 27-41.
• Van Der Gaag, N., VanWissen, L. (2002). Modelling Regional Immigration: Using Stocks to Predict Flows. European Journal of Population, 18(4), 387-409.
• Venturini, A., Villosio, C. (2012). Labour market assimilation of foreign workers in Italy. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(3), 518-542.
• Wermuth, D., Wermuth, N. (1975). Some determinants of the migration of professional manpower. Demography, 12(4), 615-628.[PubMed][Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/danb-2013-0006