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2014 | 9 | 1 | 75-90

Article title

Language in Zhuangzi: How to Say Without Saying?

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
The paper is concerned with the status of language and its usage in Zhuangzi and how this particular way of viewing and using language can affect our “perception” of Dao. Zhuangzi’s language skepticism is first introduced and possible reasons for Zhuangzi’s mistrust in language are explored. The question is then raised as to why Zhuangzi himself used language to talk about Dao if he mistrusted it. At this point Zhuangzi’s usage of language is discussed in two aspects: the negative aspect and the positive aspect, the latter being the main concern of this paper. The negative aspect is exposed as the denouncing factor of employing (fuzzy) language to undermine (propositional) language while using different techniques (paradox, uncertainty/doubt, mockery, reversal). The positive aspect is explored as twofold: first, putting language and reason to their “proper” limits entails an acquisition of a broader perspective and a more receptive, open state of mind which prepares one for the wordless “perception” of Dao. Second, fuzzy language is presented as capable of “accommodating” silence and emptiness. Doing so it unites silence and speech giving an incredible insight of what Dao is about. An approach taking from both the principles of scholarly analysis and an unrestricted personal experience of the text is employed.
LT
Darbe nagrinėjamas kalbos statusas, pritaikymas ir reikšmė siekiant „pažinti“ Dao pagal Zhuangzi. Pirmiausia pristatomas Zhuangzi skepticizmas kalbos atžvilgiu bei pateikiamos kelios galimos priežastys, kodėl Zhuangzi nepasitikėjo kalba. Keliamas klausimas, kodėl Zhuangzi pats naudojo kalbą, nors manė, kad ji ne tik nepajėgi atskleisti Dao, bet gali būti ir žalinga. Siekiant atsakyti į šį klausimą, Zhuangzi kalbos naudojimo specifika nagrinėjama dviem aspektais: negatyviu ir pozityviu. Pozityviojo aspekto atskleidimas yra šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas. Negatyvusis Zhuangzi kalbos pritaikymo aspektas atskleidžiamas kaip dalinis kalbos „paneigimas“ pačios kalbos priemonėmis (pritaikant paradoksus, abejonę, patyčias ir kt. technikas). Pozityvusis aspektas nagrinėjamas kaip dvejopas: kalbos ir jos išreiškiamų dalykų sąlygiškumo atskleidimas pirmiausia daro įtaką žiūros taško praplėtimui bei padidintam jautrumui, įgalinančiam išgirsti bežodį Dao kalbėjimą. Antra, Zhuangzi naudojama kalba pateikiama kaip galinti talpinti savyje tylą ir tuštumą, tokiu būdu sujungianti tylą ir kalbėjimą į harmoningą visumą, taip suteikdama įžvalgos į Dao galimybę. Darbe pasitelkiami keli teksto nagrinėjimo būdai: mokslinės analizės ir nesuvaržyto, asmeninio įspūdžio bei išgyvenimo, sukelto autoriaus teksto.

Publisher

Year

Volume

9

Issue

1

Pages

75-90

Physical description

Dates

published
2014-03-01
online
2014-04-09

Contributors

  • VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY

References

  • Allison, R. E., 2007. Wittgenstein, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu: The Art of Circumlocution. Asian Philosophy, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 97-108.
  • Berkson, M., 1996. Language: The Guest of Reality - Zhuangzi and Derrida on Language, Reality and Skillfulness. In: P. Kjellberg, J. P. Ivanhoe, ed. Essays on Skepticism, Relativism and Ethics in the Zhuangzi. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 97-126.
  • Mair, V. H., 1998. Introduction. In: V. H. Mair. Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, pp. xvii-liv.
  • Moeller, H.-G., 2004. Daoism Explained: From the Dream of the Butterfly to the Fishnet Allegory. Chicago: Open Court.
  • Schwitzgebel, E., 1996. Zhuangzi’s Attitude Toward Language and His Skepticism. In: P. Kjellberg, J. P. Ivanhoe, ed. Essays on Skepticism, Relativism and Ethics in the Zhuangzi. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 68-96.
  • Watson, B., 1968. The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. New York and London: Columbia University Press.
  • Wohlfahrt, G., 2012. Beyond Words. Remarks on a Daoist Philosophy of Language. In: Philosophical Daoism. Zhuangzi Lectures, pp. 47-50. Available at: http:// www.guenter-wohlfart.de/Docs/Guenter%20Wohlfart%20-%20Philosophical%20Daoism%20-%20Zhuangzi%20Lectures.pdf [Accessed 28 May 2013]
  • Wu, Kuang-ming, 2005. Chinese Philosophy and Story-Thinking. Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy, Vol. IV, No. 2, pp. 217-234.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.doi-10_2478_ijas-2014-0005
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