EN
The article surveys the role of the institutions of punishment in the society. In the past years - besides of analyzing the other-regarding behavior - more and more experiments were carried out to purposefully examine the effect of punishment. These experiments were carried out partly on human subjects, and partly on agents of computer simulations. The results of the experiments show a much more appropriate picture about role of the punishment institutions in societies. The article presents the characteristics of different types - direct, indirect, and altruistic - punishments. It argues that the punishment behavior of different people depends on their personality, life-history, as well as their social circumstances. The article analyses the different types of distortion of punishments. It also claims that the different institutions of punishments are essential for the integration of the society.