EN
The aim of the paper is to investigate the myth of punishment in a socio-cultural context, which could be defined as a universal rather than as concrete and national. It also examines the topos of its manifestations in the literary life of two neighbouring peoples: the Bulgarians and Turks. Because of this the selected texts are presented mainly through characteristics, proved to be points of intersection for the general background of the mythopoetics and peculiarities of each national model. Separate folklore and literary works are scrutinized from an inter-textual perspective. The paper focuses also on some definitions, which in author“s opinion are of great importance for the genealogy of punishment and its variety - 'kasas' (vindictiveness).