EN
Examples from spontaneous speech suggest that conjunctions like 'and', 'but', 'because' may not fulfil their original functions of connecting words, constructions, or clauses; they do not even connect contexts that are situated far from one another: very often, they refer to contexts that are only represented in the operative memory of the information sender or the receiver. The point is that the sequences 'es' ('and'), '(na) es' ('and then'), 'de' ('but'), '(na) de' ('but then'),' mert' ('because') studied in this paper, do not necessarily behave as conjunctions in spontaneous speech but rather they play a meta-textual role and help spoken text production in that way.