EN
The paper aims at defining modes and reporting practice of industrial policy in search of modern positioning of policy-makers. Assumption was made that international competitiveness is even more appealing challenge for nations nowadays than it used to be and therefore the need for structural policies of some kind is required. It is shown that: (1) the orthodox stance, saying that any policy attempts to affect structural change make harm, has not been accepted in the European Union; (2) even in developed market economies the sector policies, discriminating among industries, are being practiced; (3) notwithstanding, in the developed market economies of the EU the vision of general policies for competitiveness is being developed; (4) however, this recent approach seems to be a concept rather than a practice due to some institutional problems to be solved within the EU. In general, the need for structural policy has not been questioned. The evidence leaves a dilemma, whether it should be of selective or general nature, open. In Poland the option of offensive industrial policy should not be a priori rejected though it should be examined carefully with respect to the rise of vested interests.