Afryka w strategii europejskiej równowagi i bezpieczeństwa u schyłku XIX wieku

• Authors: Leśniewski Michał

Title variants

EN

Africa in the European security and a balance of power policy at the end of 19th century

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

EN

During the last two decades of the 19th century Africa played crucial role in European policy of Balance of Power. It was also an important factor in up keeping tranquillity in Europe. The Scramble for Africa gave the European powers a chance of realizing their imperial ambitions without a risk of pan-European conflict. Therefore during 1880s Germany supported French colonial ambitions, hoping that France would abandon the revenge against Germany. Even weaker states, as Belgium or Italy, could realize there their ambitions. That was a case at least until the end of the 19th century. In a way it was a similar situation as with the proxy wars of 1960s. At the same time, thanks to the technological advances, the expansion in Africa was a cheap kind of imperialism. It allowed European powers and states to realize their ambitions without great financial and human costs.

Keywords

PL

historia; XIX wiek; historia świata; historia Europy; historia Afryki; kolonializm; równowaga sił; bezpieczeństwo

EN

history; 19th century; world history; European history; African history; colonialism; balance of power; security

• Publisher: Instytut Nauk Politycznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
• Journal: Forum Politologiczne
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 16 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Problemy globalne, sektorowe, regionalne, lokalne
• Pages: 17-36

Contributors

author

Leśniewski Michał

• Wydział Historyczny Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

References

• Anglo-German Convention, with Secret Convention, and Secret Note, 30th Aug. 1898, w: G. P. Gooch, H. Temperley (eds.), British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1899–1914, Vol. 1, London 1927.
• Ascherson N., The King Incorporated: Leopold the Second in the Age of Trusts, Manchester 1963.
• Axelson E., Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, Johannesburg 1967.
• Bartnicki A., Faszoda, 1898, w: P. Ostaszewski (red.), Konflikty kolonialne i postkolonialne w Afryce i Azji, 1869–2006, Warszawa 2006.
• Bartnicki A., Mantel-Niećko J., Historia Etiopii, Warszawa 1987.
• Bates D., The Fashoda Incident of 1898: Encounter on the Nile, Oxford 1984.
• Belloc J., The Modern Traveller, London 1898.
• Bills S. L., The World Deployed. US and Soviet Military Intervention and Proxy Wars in the Third World since 1945, w: R. W. Clawson (ed.), East West rivalry in the Third World, Wilmington 1986.
• Birmingham D., Portugal and Africa, Athens 2004.
• Bułatowicz A., Z wojskami Menelika II. Zapiski z podróży do Etiopii, Warszawa 2000.
• Cain P. J., Economics and Empire: The Metropolitan Context, w: The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. 5, Oxford 1999.
• Cameron V. L., Across Africa, New York 1877.
• Chwalba A., Historia powszechna. Wiek XIX, Warszawa 2009.
• Czapliński M., Niemiecka polityka kolonialna, Poznań 1992.
• Etherington N., Harries P., Mbenga B. K., From Colonial Hegemonies to Imperial Conquest, 1840–1880, w: C. Hamilton, B. K. Mbenga, R. Ross (eds.), The Cambridge History of South Africa, Cambridge 2010.
• Evans M., European Atrocity, African Catastrophe: Leopold II, the Congo Free State and its Aftermath, London 2002.
• Headrick D. R., The Tools of Empire. Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century, Oxford 1981.
• Galbraith J. S., Reluctant Empire. British Policy on the South African Frontier, 1834–1854, Los Angeles 1963.
• Gann L. H., Duignan P., The Rulers of German Africa, 1884–1914, Stanford 1977.
• Gann L. H., Duignan P., The Rulers of Belgian Africa, 1884–1914, Princeton 1979.
• Greiner B., Müller C., Walter D. (Hrsg.), Heiße Kriege im Kalten Krieg, Hamburg 2006.
• H. M. Stanley to M. Strauch, 11th May 1882 and Sept. 1882, w: A. Maurice (red.), H. M. Stanley. Unpublished Letters, New York 1957.
• Hammond R. J., Portugal and Africa, 1815–1910, Stanford 1966.
• Harlow B., Carter M. (eds.), General Act of the Conference of Berlin, 26th Feb. 1885, Archives of Empire, Vol. 2, Durham – London 2003.
• Hutchison G. S., Machine Guns: Their History and Tactical Employment. Being Also a History of the Machine Gun Corps, 1916–1922, Uckfield 2004.
• Keegan J., The Ashanti Campaign, 1873–1874, w: B. Bond (ed.) Victorian Military Campaigns, London 1967.
• Kizwalter T., Historia powszechna wiek XIX, Warszawa 2003.
• Kubicek, British Expansion, Empire, and Technological Change, w: The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. 5, Oxford 1999.
• Laband J., Historical Dictionary of the Zulu Wars, Oxford 2009.
• Laurie G. B., French Conquest of Algeria, London 2005.
• Loveman C., Assessing the Phenomenon of Proxy Intervention, “Journal of Conflict, Security and Development” 2002, Vol. 2, No. 3.
• Moloney J. A., With Captain Stairs to Katanga, London 1893.
• Mantel-Niećko J., Ząbek M. (red.), Róg Afryki. Historia i współczesność, Warszawa 1999.
• Newitt M., A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668, New York 2005.
• Ocampo A., Looking Back, Manila 2009.
• Pakenham T., The Scramble for Africa. White Man’s Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912, New York 1992.
• Peterson D. (ed.), Abolitionism and Imperialism in Britain, Africa, and the Atlantic, Athens 2010.
• R. D. Casement to Marquess of Lansdowne, 11th Dec. 1903, w: Archives of Empire, Vol. 2, Durham – London 2003.
• Rosenbach H., Das Deutsche Reich, Großbritannien und der Transvaal (1896– 1902). Anfänge deutsch-britischer Entfremdung, Göttingen 1993.
• Sessions J. E., By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria, Ithaca 2011.
• Steinberg J., Bismarck. A Life, Oxford 2011.
• Stengers J., Congo, Mythes et réalités, Brussels 2005.
• Stone J., Baumgart W., The War Scare of 1875: Bismarck and Europe in the Mid-1870s, Wiesbaden 2010.
• Wandycz P., Pax Europea. Dzieje systemów międzynarodowych w Europie, 1815–1914, Kraków 2003.
• Warhurst P. R., Anglo-Portuguese Relations in South-Central Africa, 1890– 1900, London 1962.
• Wesseling H. L., Divide and Rule: Partition of Africa, 1880–1914, London 1996.
• Wilson E. T., Russia and Black Africa before World War II, New York, London 1974.
• Wilson K. (ed.), The International Impact of the Boer War, New York 2001.
• Wolf E., Vom Fürsten Bismarck und seinem Haus. Tagebuchblätter, Berlin 1904.