Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2014 | 17 - Konteksty bezpieczeństwa w Afryce. Konflikty, wojny, polityki bezpieczeństwa | 96-119

Article title

Przemyt narkotyków a zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa państw Afryki Zachodniej. Casus Gwinei Bissau

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
Drug trafficking as a security threat to West African states: The case of Guinea-Bissau

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

EN
The image of Africa as a main drug smuggling transit point has emerged relatively recently. Almost till the 1970s it was thought that the drug problem did not apply to the African continent. But one decade was enough to change this vision and make Africa, and especially West Africa, be seen as an important transit point for drugs (mainly cocaine and heroin) produced in South America and Asia. International efforts to combat drug trafficking in West Africa have been so far unsuccessful. Moreover, since 2005 it has been observed an increase in drug smuggling operations on a large scale in this region, carried out mainly by nationals of Latin America and Europe, with use of new ‘popular' transit points located in small West African countries, such as: the Gambia, Guinea, or titular Guinea-Bissau, to which a few years ago the international press attached the label of “the first African narco-state”. The development of narco-business in Guinea-Bissau is most often associated with its state dysfunctionality problems, this article is trying to analyse the roots of this phenomenon, as well as the influence it may have on the country itself, as well as on the whole region.

Contributors

author
  • Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

References

  • Błaszczyk Beata, Przeklęta roślina źródłem rzadkiej przyjemności, „Rzeczpospolita” 22.02.2008, http://www.rp.pl/artykul/96749.html [16.06.2013].
  • Boubacar-Sid Barry, Creppy Edward G. E., Wodon Quentin, Cashew Production, Taxation, and Poverty in Guinea-Bissau, w: Boubacar-Sid Barry, Edward G. E. Creppy, Estanislao Gacitua-Mario, Quentin Wodon (eds.), Conflict, Livelihoods, and Poverty in Guinea-Bissau, World Bank Working Paper No. 88, The World Bank, Washington 2007.
  • Bybee Ashley Neese, Narco state or failed state? Narcotics and politics in Guinea-Bissau, PhD dissertation submitted to School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Vermont 2011, http://digilib.gmu.edu/ dspace/handle/1920/6618 [03.05.2013].
  • Callimachi Rukmini, Africa a New Conduit for Europe's Drugs, “Washington Post” 29 July 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/29/AR2007072900416_pf.html [30.04.2013].
  • Carrier Neil, Klantschnig Gernot, Africa and the War on Drugs, Zed Books, London - New York 2012.
  • Confusion over Guinea-Bissau PM after ‘coup', BBC News, 13.04.2012, http:// www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17700886 [03.12.2012].
  • Cordeiro Ana Dias, As duas mulheres que desafiaram o narcotráfico e os militares de Guiné-Bissau, “Público” 12 abril 2013, http://www.publico.pt/destaque/jornal/as-duas-mulheres-que-desafiaram-o-narcotrafico-e-os-militares-26367854 [03.05.2013].
  • Corruption Perception Index 2013, Transparency International, http://www. transparency.org/cpi2013/results [30.07.2013].
  • Costa Antonio Maria, Cocaine Finds Africa, “Washington Post” 29 July 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/28/ AR2008072802466.html [30.04.2013].
  • Costa Antonio Maria, Every line of cocaine means that little part of Africa dies, “The Observer” 9 March 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/com- mentisfree/2008/mar/09/drugstrade.unitednations [20.06.2013].
  • Dias Cordeiro Ana, As duas mulheres que desafiaram o narcotráfico e os mili¬tares de Guiné-Bissau, “Público”, 12.04.2013, http://www.publico.pt/des- taque/jornal/as-duas-mulheres-que-desafiaram-o-narcotrafico-e-os-mili- tares-26367854 [20.06.2013].
  • Drug crime poses serious threat to West Africa, warns UN official, UN News Centre, 28 October 2008, http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?News- ID=28738#.U8t0o7EUevQ [20.06.2013].
  • Drug Trafficking as a Security Threat in West Africa, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, November 2008.
  • Ellis Stephen, West Africa's International Drug Trade, “African Affairs” 2009, No. 108 (431).
  • EU imposes sanctions on Guinea-Bissau coup leaders, BBC News, 3 May 2012, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17939776 [03.12.2012].
  • Failed States Index 2013, Fund for Peace, http://ffp.statesindex.org/rankings-2013-sortable [02.08.2013].
  • Felbab-Brown Vanda, The West African Drug Trade in Context of the Region Illicit Economies and Poor Governance, Presentation to Conference on Drug Trafficking in West Africa, Arlington, 14 October 2010, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/speeches/2010/10/14%20af- rica%20drug%20trade%20felbabbrown/1014_africa_drug_trade_felbab- brown.pdf .
  • Felipe Celso, Lucinda Barbosa: “Se a Guiné fosse um país com muito petróleo já lá estariam os capacetes azuis”, „Jornal de Negócios” 12 diciembre 2013, http://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/detalhe/lucinda_barbosa_se _a_guine_fosse_um_pais_com_muito_petroleo_ja_la_estariam_os_capac etes_azuis.html [15.12.2013].
  • Fletcher Pascal, Guinea-Bissau economy captive to cocktail snack, Reuters, 15 July 2008, http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/07/16/us-bissau-food-cashews-idUSL1146527220080716 [30.04.2013].
  • Gambia jails eight foreigners for drug trafficking, France24, 12 October 2011, http://www.france24.com/en/20111012-gambia-jails-eight-foreigners-drug-trafficking-cocaine-50-years-prison/ [18.05.2013].
  • Guinea-Bissau announces it has reserves of bauxite, phosphates and oil, MacauHub,15December2009,http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2009/12/ 15/8268/ [30.04.2013].
  • Guinea-Bissau fighting crime without police or prison, IRIN. Humanitarian news and analysis, 16 October 2009, http://www.irinnews.org/report/86624/guinea-bissau-fighting-crime-without-police-or-prisons [02.05.2013].
  • Guinea-Bissau Suspended from African Union, Al Jazeera English, 17 May 2012, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/04/20124171148930754.html [3.12.2012].
  • Guinea-Bissau, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, https://www. cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pu.html [16.06.2013].
  • Guinea-Bissau: the nearest thing to a prison, IRIN. Humanitarian news and analysis, 7 February 2007, http://www.irinnews.org/report/70015/guinea- bissau-the-nearest-thing-to-a-prison [02.05.2013].
  • Guinea-Bissau: in need of a state, International Crisis Group, Africa Report nr 142, July 2008, http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/west- africa/guinea-bissau/Guinea-Bissau%20In%20Need%20of%20a%20 State.pdf [10.05.2014].
  • Guinea-Bissau: the nearest thing to a prison, IRIN. Humanitarian news and analysis,7.02.2007,http://www.irinnews.org/report/70015/guinea-bissau- the-nearest-thing-to-a-prison
  • Hatcher Jessica, Guinea-Bissau: How Cocaine Transformed a Tiny African Nation, “Time” 15 October 2012, http://world.time.com/2012/10/15/guin- ea-bissau-how-cocaine-transformed-a-tiny-african-nation/ [03.05.2013].
  • Hirsch Afua, Guinea-Bissau coup suspected as military seizes parts of capital, “The Guardian” 13 April 2012, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/ apr/13/guinea-bissau-coup-suspected [2.12.2012].
  • Hoffman Max, Lane Conor, Guinea-Bissau and South Atlantic Cocaine Trade, Center for American Progress, 22 August 2013, http://www.americanprog- ress.org/issues/security/report/2013/08/22/72557/guinea-bissau-and-the- south-atlantic-cocaine-trade/ [25.08.2013].
  • Human Development Report 2013. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World, United Nations Development Programme, New York 2013.
  • Huppert Julian, There's simply no case for banning khat, „The Guardian” 31 March 2014, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/3 1/no-case-ban-khat-organised-crime [29.06.2014].
  • Johansen Raggie, Guinea-Bissau: A new hub for cocaine trafficking, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, “Perspectives” May 2008, No. 5.
  • Kłosowicz Robert, Mormul Joanna, Pojęcie dysfunkcyjności państw - geneza i definicje, w: Robert Kłosowicz (red.), Państwa dysfunkcyjne i ich desta-bilizujący wpływ na stosunki międzynarodowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2013.
  • Kłosowicz Robert, Państwa dysfunkcyjne w dyskursie o bezpieczeństwie międzynarodowym, w: Robert Kłosowicz (red.), Państwa dysfunkcyjne i ich destabilizujący wpływ na stosunki międzynarodowe, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2013.
  • Kohnert Dirk, Democratisation via elections in an ‘African narco-state'? The case of Guinea-Bissau, GIGA - German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Institute of African Affairs, MPRA Paper No. 19109, December 2009.
  • Krischke Joseph, The Coke Coast and Failed States in Africa, “World Poli-tics Review” 9 September 2008, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/2629/the-coke-coast-cocaine-and-failed-states-in-africa [15.05.2013].
  • Kubiak Krzysztof, Państwo upadłe Gwinea Bissau, w: Robert Kłosowicz, An-drzej Mania (red.), Problem upadku państw w stosunkach międzynarodo-wych, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2012.
  • La peine de mort requise contre les tueurs présumés des touristes français, France 24, 25 mai 2010, http://www.france24.com/fr/20100524-peine-mort-requise-contre-mauritaniens-accuses-avoir-tue-touristes-francais-no uakchott-al-qaida/ [30.04.2013].
  • Mark Monica, Mark, Homegrown crystal meth industry sparks West Africa crime wave, “The Guardian” 29 March 2013, http://www.theguardian. com/world/2013/mar/29/crystal-meth-west-africa-crime [10.04.2013].
  • Mauritanians arrested for killing French tourists, Al Arabiya News, 12 Ja-nuary 2008, http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2008/01/12/44102.html [29.04.2013].
  • Nossiter Adam, Guinea-Bissau Premier, Election Front-Runner, Is Deposed in a Coup, “The New York Times”, 13 April 2012, http://www.nytimes. com/2012/04/14/world/africa/guinea-bissau-coup-removes-presidential-front-runner.html?pagewanted=all&_r=2& [03.12.2012].
  • Nossiter Adam, Leader Ousted, Nation Is Now a Drug Haven, “The New York Times” 1 November 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/world/afric a/guinea-bissau-after-coup-is-drug-trafficking-haven.html?pagewanted=all [01.05.2013].
  • Nossiter Adam, U.S. Sting That Snared African Ex-Admiral Shines Light on Drug Trade, “The New York Times” 15 July 2013, http://www.nytimes. com/2013/04/16/world/africa/us-sting-that-snared-guinea-bissau-ex-ad- miral-shines-light-on-drug-trade.html?_r=0 [30.07.2013].
  • Nyukuri Ruth, Another Methamphetamine Laboratory in Nigeria Scales Concerns Over Heightened Drug Business, “Bizrika. The Official Gate-way to African Business” 22 April 2013, http://www.bizrika.com/news- item/another-methamphetamine-laboratory-in-nigeria-scaling-conc- erns-over-heightened-drug-business/ [26.04.2013].
  • O'Regan Davin, Narco-States: Africa's Next Menace, “The New York Times” 12 March 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/opinion/narco-state s-africas-next-menace.html?_r=0 [30.04.2013].
  • Padrao Temudo Marina, From ‘People’s Struggle’ to ‘This War of Today’: Entanglements of Peace and Conflict in Guinea-Bissau, “Africa” 2008, No. 78 (2).
  • Pietrostefani Giorgio, Geografia delle droghe illecite: guerra alla droga: droga alla guerra, Editoriale Jaca Book, Milano 2003.
  • Polgreen Lydia, Cowell Alan, Soldiers Kill Guinea-Bissau's President After Death of Army Chief, Diplomats Say, “The New York Times” 2 March 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/03/world/africa/03guinea.html?_r=0 [03.05.2013].
  • Queiroz de Mario, Guinea-Bissau: One Step from Becoming First African “Narco-State”, Inter Press Service, 1 February 2008, http://www.ipsnews. net/2008/02/guinea-bissau-one-step-from-becoming-first-african-narc o-state/ [30.04.2013].
  • Relea Francesc, En el corazón del ‘narcoestado', „El País” 28 junio 2009, http://el- pais.com/diario/2009/06/28/domingo/1246161153_850215.html [30.06.2013].
  • Relea Francesc, La nueva ruta de la droga corrompe África, „El País” 8 marzo 2009, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2009/03/08/actual-idad/1236466808_850215.html [30.06.2013].
  • Report of the International Narcotics Control Board, International Narcotics Control Board, Geneva 1977
  • Reuter Peter, The Political Economy of Drug Smuggling, w: M. Vellinga (ed.), The Political Economy of the Drug Industry, University Press of Florida, Gainesville 2004.
  • Skelton Rose, Drug hub Guinea-Bissau awaits first prisons, BBC News, 15 July 2010, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-10611635 [02.05.2013].
  • Skelton Rose, Meth Labs Found in West Africa as Transit Hub Turns to Producing, “Bloomberg.com” 15 March 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/ 2013-03-15/meth-labs-found-in-west-africa-as-transit-hub-turns-to-producing.html [10.04.2013].
  • Smoltczyk Alexander, Africa's Cocaine Hub: Guinea-Bissau a ‘Drug Traf-ficker's Dream', 8 March 2013, http://www.spiegel.de/international/worl d/violence-plagues-african-hub-of-cocaine-trafficking-a-887306.html [01.05.2013].
  • Sourt Caroline, Sourt, Africa's first narco-state?, “The Guardian” 9 March 2009, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/06/guinea-bissau- drugs-trade [01.05.2013].
  • Stimulant khat banned as illegal class C drug in UK, BBC News, 24 June 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-27991393 [29.06.2014].
  • Sullivan Kevin, Route of Evil, „Washington Post” 25 May 2008, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/24/AR2008052401676. html?sid=ST2008052401733 [03.05.2013].
  • Transnational Organized Crime in West Africa: A Threat Assessment, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, February 2013.
  • Ustawa z dnia 20 marca 2009 roku o zmianie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii, Dz. U. 2009 nr 63 poz. 520.
  • Ustawa z dnia 29 lipca 2005 roku o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii, Dz. U. 2005 nr 179 poz. 1485.
  • Valdmanis Richard, Andrade Alvaro, Jose Americo Bubo na Tchuto, Guinea-Bissau Drug Kingpin, Arrested In Undercover Sting Operation, “Huff-ington Post” 4 April 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/04/jose- americo-bubo-na-tchuto-arrested_n_3016782.html [10.05.2013].
  • Vulliamy Ed, How a tiny West African country became the world's first narco-state, “The Guardian” 9 March 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/ world/2008/mar/09/drugstrade [01.05.2013].

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.mhp-58c12999-eadd-4e15-9345-b2d3eb560130
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.