Badania nad mikrobiotą jelitową i metodami jej modyfikacji w ujęciu historycznym

• Authors: Szewc Monika

Title variants

EN

Studies on human gut microbiota and methods of its modification in historical perspective

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Termin mikrobiota (mikrobiom) wprowadził Joshua Lederberg, by nazwać nim ogół mikroorganizmów występujących w i na wszystkich organizmach wielokomórkowych. Obecnie mikrobiota jelitowa człowieka jest intensywnie badanym ekosystemem, a początki jej poznania dostrzega się w badaniach prowadzonych w XVII wieku. Prekursorem tych badań stał się Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.Rozwój metod hodowlanych, jak również biologii molekularnej umożliwił szczegółowe poznanie struktury i funkcji ludzkiego mikrobiomu, a także jego udziału w stanie zdrowia i choroby człowieka. W związku z pojawiającymi się zaburzeniami w profilu mikrobioty jelitowej człowieka i współistniejącymi z tym stanem chorobami już w starożytności stosowano fermentowane produkty mleczne jako leki w dolegliwościach żołądkowo-jelitowych. Nieco później do metod leczenia tych dolegliwości dołączyła procedura przeszczepu kału. Świadomość znaczenia tych środków przez lata ewoluowała i dziś wielu już wiadomo na temat tej metody wspomagania zdrowia. Obecnie procedura transferu mikrobioty jelitowej jest rekomendowaną metodą leczniczą zakażenia Clostridium difficile

EN

The term ‘microbiota’ (microbiome) was coined by Joshua Lederberg to name a community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in and on all multicellular organisms. The human gut microbiota is widely explored ecosystem nowadays and its studies are dated on the 17th century with frontier research of Antoine van Leeuwenhoek who as the first man who observed bacteria under the microscope. The development of culture methods as well as molecular biology has allowed us more detailed understanding of the structure and function of human gut microbiome and connection of dysbiosis with many human diseases. Our knowledge about first therapeutic methods in gastrointestinaldisorders comes from antiquity when fermented milk productswere used as a cure. Lateron we have learned the benefits of the stool transplantation form healthy donors. Over the years our knowledge is constantly growing and currently, the stool transplantation is the recommended treatmentfor Clostridium difficile infection

Keywords

PL

mikrobiota,; mikrobiom,; patogeneza,; historia mikrobiologii

EN

microbiota,; microbiome,; pathogenesis,; history of microbiology

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu
• Journal: Acta Medicorum Polonorum
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 7
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 54-63

Dates

received

2017-11-28

accepted

2017-12-10

printed

2017-12-28

Contributors

author

Szewc Monika

• Klinika Zakażeń Noworodka, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu

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