The Polish School of Praxiology: Historical Background, Essential Features, the Founder and Main Representatives

• Authors: Bukała Marcin W. , Gasparski Wojciech W.
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The text is dedicated to the Polish School of Praxiology, founded primarily by Tadeusz Kotarbiński. The aim of the article is to present an outline of the history of the School, to review the scientific contribution of its main representatives, and to indicate its essential features. The School connects praxiology sensu scricto (theory of action), ethics, together with felicitolology, within the framework of practical philosophy. Kotarbiński’s concept of praxiology can be described as “small philosophy” in contradistinction to many 19th-century all-encompassing syntheses, which were often substitutes of worldviews; in the interpretation of Wojciech W. Gasparski this concept is also called “philosophy of practicality.” In the article, the Polish School of Praxiology is compared in some aspects with the Lvov-Warsaw School and the Austrian School of Economics (more precisely, with the philosophical foundations of the latter school).

Keywords

EN

Polish School of Praxiology; praxiology; praxeology; philosophia practica; philosophy of practicality; Tadeusz Kotarbiński; Ludwig von Mises; Jan Zieleniewski; theory of organization

• Publisher: Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Filozofii
• Journal: Edukacja Filozoficzna
• Year: 2022
• Issue: 74
• Pages: 183-204

Contributors

author

Bukała Marcin W.

author

Gasparski Wojciech W.

References

• Airaksinen T., The Development of Immanent Ends in Professor Bocheński’s “Towards the Philosophy of the Industrial Enterprise”, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 61–81.
• Airaksinen T., Praxiological Efficiency in Heteregeneous Professional Ethics, in: Praxiology and Pragmatism, eds. L.V. Rayan, F.B. Nasher, W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2002 (Praxiology: The International Annual of Practical Philosophy and Methodology, Vol. 10 [hereafter cited as: Praxiology]), pp. 71–86.
• Airaksinen T., Professor Gasparski on Design and Entrepreneurship, “Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa” 2017, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 135–147.
• Airaksinen T., ed., Praxiology and the Philosophy of Technology, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2007 (Praxiology, Vol. 15).
• Alexandre V., The Structural Analysis of Actions and Its Social-Psychological Aspects, in: The Roots of Praxiology: French Action Theory from Bourdeau and Espinas to Present Days, ed. V. Alexandre, in cooperation with W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000 (Praxiology, Vol. 7), pp. 21–43.
• Alexandre V., Gasparski W.W., eds., French and Other Perspectives in Praxiology, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2005 (Praxiology, Vol. 12).
• [Bacon F. =] Francisci Baconis de Verulamio Novum Organum Scientiarum, Typis Gasparis Girardi, Venetiis 1762 (1st ed. 1620).
• Banajski R., 150 tomów “Prakseologii” [150 Volumes of “Prakseologia”], “Prakseologia” 2010, Vol. 150, pp. 11–24.
• Betti A., Kazimierz Twardowski, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 Edition), ed. E.N. Zalta, URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/twardowski/ (substantive revision published on 17.05.2017).
• Bocheński J.I.M., On the System, in: Studies on Mario Bunge’s “Treatise”, eds. P. Weingartner, G.J.W. Dorn, Brill, Amsterdam–Atlanta, GA, 1990 (Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Vol. 18), pp. 99–104.
• Bocheński J.I.M., Sto zabobonów. Krótki filozoficzny słownik zabobonów [One Hundred Superstitions: A Brief Philosophical Dictionary of Superstitions], Philed, Kraków 1994.
• Bocheński J.I.M., Towards the Philosophy of the Industrial Enterprise, transl. M.W. Bukała, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 19–41.
• Bourdeau L., Praxiology as the Science of Functions, transl. G. Chevallier, in: The Roots of Praxiology: French Action Theory from Bourdeau and Espinas to Present Days, ed. V. Alexandre, in cooperation with W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000 (Praxiology, Vol. 7), pp. 21–43 (transl. of the fragment of Theorie des sciences. Plan de science integrale).
• Bourdeau L., Theorie des sciences. Plan de science integrale, Germer Bailliere et C., Paris 1882.
• Brożek A., Logical Analysis against Superstitions: Józef M. Bocheński on the Social Role of Philosophy, “Edukacja Filozoficzna” 2020, Vol. 70, pp. 39–57.
• Brożek A., Jadacki J., Minimalizm etyczny Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego [Ethical Minimalism of Tadeusz Kotarbiński], “Etyka” 2006, Vol. 39, pp. 48–71.
• Bukała M.W., Business Enterprise in the Logic and Ontological Analysis of Józef I. M. Bocheński, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 103–114.
• Bukała M.W., The Main Topic of the Issue: Józef Maria Bocheński on the Business Enterprise, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 14–18.
• Bukała M.W., ‘Periculum’ and Business Responsibility: On the Scholastic Attitude toward Entrepreneurship, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 139–149.
• Caude R., Scientific Organisation of Work and Management, in: The Roots of Praxiology: French Action Theory from Bourdeau and Espinas to Present Days, ed. V. Alexandre, in cooperation with W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000 (Praxiology, Vol. 7), pp. 163–182. Coniglione F., Nel segno della scienza: la filosofia polacca del Novecento, Franco
• Angeli, Milano 1996 (Epistemologia, Vol. 52).
• Czech A., Jan Zieleniewski (1901–1973) – Cracow Period, Early Works, in: Reflections about Contemporary Management, eds. B. Kożuch, Ł. Sułkowski, Peter Lang, Berlin 2017, pp. 23–32.
• Czech A., Józef M. Bocheński’s Analysis of “System” and “Finality” Notions, “Journal of Economics & Management” 2005, Vol. 2, pp. 46–58.
• Espinas A., Les origines de la technologies, “Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Etranger” 1890, Vol. 30, pp. 295–314
• Espinas A., The Origins of Technology, transl. C. Wintrebert, in: The Roots of Praxiology: French Action Theory from Bourdeau and Espinas to Present Days, ed. V. Alexandre, in cooperation with W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000 (Praxiology, Vol. 7), pp. 45–91 (transl. of excerpts from Les origines de la technologies).
• Facca D., On the Early Modern Origin of the Term “Praxiology”: Historical Reconstruction and General Considerations, “Prakseologia,” Vol. 165, in press.
• Fragmenty filozoficzne [Philosophical Fragments], in: Seria pierwsza: ku uczczeniu piętnastolecia pracy nauczycielskiej prof. T. Kotarbińskiego w Uniwersytecie Warszawskim [Series One: Celebrating Fifteen years of Prof. Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s Work as a Teacher at the University of Warsaw], Warszawa 1934 [published by students].
• Gasparski W.W., Agency in a Praxiological Approach, in: The Lvov-Warsaw School: Past and Present, eds. Á. Garrido, U. Wybraniec-Skardowska, Birkhäuser, Cham 2016, pp. 175–187.
• Gasparski W.W., Between Logic and Ethics: The Origin of Praxiology, “Axiomathes” 2006, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 385–394.
• Gasparski W.W., Entrepreneurship from the Praxiology Point of View, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 23–36.
• Gasparski W.W., Filozofia praktyczności. Traktat o filozofii Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego oraz similaria, Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN, Warszawa 2021 (transl. of A Philosophy of Practicality: A Treatise on the Philosophy of Tadeusz Kotarbiński).
• Gasparski W.W., Kotarbiński, Tadeusz, in: Powszechna encyklopedia filozofii, Vol. 5, Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, Lublin 2004, pp. 902–907.
• Gasparski W.W., Kotarbiński, Tadeusz Marian, in: Encyklopedia filozofii polskiej, ed. A. Maryniarczyk, Vol. I, Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu, Lublin 2011, pp. 726–731 (accessible also online: http://www.ptta.pl/efp/pdf/k/kotarbinskit.pdf).
• Gasparski W.W., On the Concept of Practicality, in: Praxiology and Pragmatism, eds. L.V. Rayan, F.B. Nasher, W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2002, pp. 61–70 (re-edition of Part One of A Philosophy of Practicality: A Treatise on the Philosophy of Tadeusz Kotarbiński).
• Gasparski W.W., On the Methodology of Practical Disciplines (Sciences), “Prakseologia” 2022, Vol. 163–164, in press (re-edition of Part Four of A Philosophy of Practicality: A Treatise on the Philosophy of Tadeusz Kotarbiński).
• Gasparski W.W., A Philosophy of Practicality: A Treatise on the Philosophy of Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Philosophical Society of Finland, Helsinki 1993 (Acta Philosophica Fennica, Vol. 53).
• Gasparski W.W., The Philosophy of the Business Enterprise by Józef Maria Bocheński, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 43–59.
• Gasparski W.W., A Praxiological Theory of Design, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 281–312.
• Gasparski W.W., Praxiology, in: Systems & Control Encyclopedia: Theory, Technology, Applications, ed. M.G. Singh, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1987, pp. 3860‒3865.
• Gasparski W.W., Tadeusz Kotarbiński and His Philosophical Transitions, in: Transition Redesigned: A Practical Philosophy Perspective, eds. W.W. Gasparski, B. Rok, Routledge, New York 2013 (Praxiology, Vol. 20), pp. 3–13.
• Gasparski W.W., ed., Biznes, etyka, odpowiedzialność. Podręcznik akademicki [Business, Ethics, Responsibility. Academic Handbook], [with editiorial cooperation of] A. Lewicka-Strzałecka, D. Bąk, B. Rok, J. Sokołowska, PWN, Warszawa 2012.
• Gasparski W.W., ed., Designology: Studies on Planning for Action, Routledge, New York 2014 (Praxiology, Vol. 22).
• Gasparski W.W., ed., Praxiologies and the Philosophy of Economics, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1992 (Praxiology, Vol. 1).
• Gasparski W.W., Lewicka-Strzałecka A., Rok B., Bąk D., In Search for a New Balance: The Ethical Dimension of the Crisis, in: The Role of Large Enterprises in Democracy and Society, eds. B. Fryzel, P.H. Dembiński, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp. 189–206.
• Gasparski W.W., Szaniawski K., Praxiology and Decision Theory, in: Decision Making and Change in Human Affairs, eds. H. Jungermann, G. de Zeeuw, D. Reidel, Dordrecht–Boston 1977, pp. 491–506.
• Gniadek J., The Philosophy of Industrial Enterprise from a Praxeological and Personalistic Perspective, “Prakseologia” 2020, Vol. 162, pp. 83–101.
• Gutiérrez C., The Extraordinary Claim of Praxeology, “Theory and Decision” 1971, Vol. 1, pp. 327–336.
• John Paul II, Memory and Identity: Personal Reflections, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 2005.
• Kaufmann A., The Science of Decision-Making, in: The Roots of Praxiology: French Action Theory from Bourdeau and Espinas to Present Days, ed. V. Alexandre, in cooperation with W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2000 (Praxiology, Vol. 7), pp. 183–197.
• Kolarzowski J., Supremacja prawdy: filozofia Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego w poszukiwaniu wspólnego fundamentu dla reizmu i etyki niezależnej [The Supremacy of Truth: Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s Philosophy in Search for a Common Foundation of Reism and Independent Ethics], in: Myśl Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego i jej współczesna recepcja [The Thought of Tadeusz Kotarbiński and Its Contemporary Reception], eds. B. Banajski, W.W. Gasparski, A. Lewicka-Strzałecka, Polska Akademia Nauk, Towarzystwo Naukowe Prakseologii, Warszawa 2006, pp. 27–34.
• Kotarbiński T., The ABC of Practicality, transl. A. Szpaderski, in: Praxiology and Pragmatism, eds. L.V. Rayan, F.B. Nasher, W.W. Gasparski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2002 (Praxiology, Vol. 10), pp. 25–59 (transl. of Abecadło praktyczności).
• Kotarbiński T., The Development of the Main Problem in the Methodology of Francis Bacon, offprint from: “Commentariorum Societatis philosophicae Polonorum – Studia philosophica” 1935.
• Kotarbiński T., Elementy teorii poznania, logiki formalnej i metodologii nauk, Warszawa 1929 (transl. as: Gnosiology…).
• Kotarbiński T., Główne myśli Karola Adamieckiego (18 III 1866 – 16 V 1933) [The Main Thoughts of Karol Adamiecki], “Prakseologia” 1971, Vol. 39–40, pp. 7–15.
• Kotarbiński T., Gnosiology: The Scientific Approach to the Theory of Knowledge, transl. O. Wojtasiewicz, Pergamon Press, Oxford 1966 (transl. of Elementy teorii poznania, logiki formalnej i metodologii nauk).
• Kotarbiński T., L’image de mes idées, offprint from: “Ricerche filosofiche” 1965, Vol. 33, No. 2.
• Kotarbiński T., Leçons sur l’histoire de la logique, transl. A. Pozner, PWN, Warszawa 1965 (transl. of Wykłady z dziejów logiki).
• Kotarbiński T., Myśli o ludziach i ludzkich sprawach [Thoughts on Humans and Human Problems], Ossolineum, Wrocław 1986.
• Kotarbiński T., Odpowiedź [The Answer], in: Dzieła wszystkie [Opera omnia], Vol. 2: Ontologia, teoria poznania i metodologia nauk [Ontology, Theory of Cognition and Methodology of Sciences], Ossolineum, Wrocław 1993, pp. 170–182.
• Kotarbiński T., Odrębność i rodzaj użyteczności nauk humanistycznych [The distinctiveness and the particularity of usefulness of the humanities], in: Dzieła wszystkie [Opera omnia], Vol. 2: Ontologia, teoria poznania i metodologia nauk [Ontology, Theory of Cognition and Methodology of Sciences], Ossolineum, Wrocław 1993, pp. 77–90.
• Kotarbiński T., On the Essence and Goals of General Methodology (Praxiology), in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 21–30.
• Kotarbiński T., Philosophical Self-Portrait, in: Kotarbiński: Logic, Semantics and Ontology, ed. J. Woleński, Springer, Dordrecht 1990, pp. 1–6 (transl. of L’image de mes idées).
• Kotarbinski, T., Practical Error, “Danish Yearbook of Philosophy” 1964, Vol. 1, pp. 65–71.
• Kotarbiński T., Praxiology: An Introduction to the Science of Efficient Action, transl. O. Wojtasiewicz, Oxford 1965 (transl. of Traktat o dobrej robocie).
• Kotarbiński T., Praxiology and Economics, offprint from: On Political Economy and Econometrics: Essays in Honour of Oskar Lange, Pergamon Press, Warszawa 1965, pp. 303–312.
• Kotarbiński T., Traktat o dobrej robocie, Wrocław 1955 (transl. as: Praxiology…).
• Kotarbiński T., Wykłady z dziejów logiki, Ossolineum, Łódz–Wrocław 1957.
• Kowalik T., La praxéologie économique d’Oskar Lange, “Organon” 1966, Vol. 3, pp. 245–258.
• Leniewicz E., Practical Problems and Practical Directives, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 265–279.
• Lewicka-Strzałecka A., Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego wzorzec wychowania i cnót nauczycielskich [Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s Model of Education and Teaching Virtues], in: Myśl Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego i jej współczesna recepcja [The Thought of Tadeusz Kotarbiński and Its Contemporary Reception], eds. B. Banajski, W.W. Gasparski, A. Lewicka-Strzałecka, Polska Akademia Nauk, Towarzystwo Naukowe Prakseologii, Warszawa 2006, pp. 85–91.
• Makowski P.T., Jak myśleć o praktyczności [How to Think about Practicality], “Prakseologia” 2022, Vol. 163–164, in press.
• Makowski P.T., Kotarbiński’s Praxiology and the Analytic Action Theory, in: Praxiological Essays: Texts and Contexts, ed. W.W. Gasparski, Routledge, New York 2017 (Praxiology, Vol. 25), pp. 101–113.
• Makowski P.T., Praxiology Meets Planning Theory of Intention: Kotarbiński and Bratman on Plans, in: Praxiology and the Reasons for Action, eds. P.T. Makowski, M. Bonecki, K. Nowak-Posadzy, Transaction Publishers, Routledge, New York 2015 (Praxiology, Vol. 23), pp. 43–71.
• Makowski P.T., Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s Action Theory: Reinterpretive Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2017.
• Mises L. von, Human Action: A Treatise on Economics, Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL, 1998.
• Mortreuil L., The Profit of Values: A Christian Vision of Corporate Social Responsibilities, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 177–193.
• Nowakowska M., Cognitive Sciences: Basic Problems, New Perspectives, and Implications for Artificial Intelligence, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, 1986.
• Nowakowska M., Language of Motivation and Language of Actions, Mouton, The Hague–Paris, 1973.
• Nowakowska M., Teoria działania [Theory of Action], PWN, Warszawa 1979.
• Ostrowski J., An Outline of the Prehistory of Praxiology, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 31–45.
• Pawa M.L., The Spirit of Jewish Entrepreneurship, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 211–220.
• Percy A., Entrepreneurship and Catholic Social Teaching, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 195–209.
• Pistrui D., Fahed-Sreih J., Towards the Understanding of Islam and Muslim Entrepreneurship in the Middle East, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 221–234.
• Podgórecki A., A Sociological Theory of Law, Presentation by V. Ferrari, Giuffrè, Milano 1991.
• Porębski Cz., Lectures on Polish Value Theory, Brill, Leiden–Boston, MA, 2019 (Studien zur Osterreichischen Philosophie, Vol. 47).
• Pszczołowski T., Philosophical and Methodological Foundations of Kotarbiński’s Praxiology in: Kotarbiński: Logic, Semantics and Ontology, ed. J. Woleński, Springer, Dordrecht 1990, pp. 97–105.
• Rudniański J., Struggle in a Defense Social Environment, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 325–345.
• Sirco R., The Entrepreneurial Vocation, in: Entrepreneurship: Values and Responsibility, eds. W.W. Gasparski, L.V. Ryan, S. Kwiatkowski, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 2010 (Praxiology, Vol. 17), pp. 153–175.
• Smith B., On the Phases of Reism, in: Kotarbiński: Logic, Semantics and Ontology, ed. J. Woleński, Springer, Dordrecht 1990, pp. 137–183.
• Smith B., Why Polish Philosophy Does Not Exist, in: The Lvov-Warsaw School: The New Generation, eds. J.J. Jadacki, J. Paśniczek, Brill, Poznań 2006 (Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Vol. 89), pp. 19–39.
• Stonert H., Making Use of Science in Actions (A Study in Methodology and Praxiology), in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 231–263.
• Sułek M., Praxiology: A New Approach, in: Praxiological Essays: Texts and Contexts, ed. W.W. Gasparski, Routledge, New York 2017 (Praxiology, Vol. 25), pp. 152–161.
• Szaniawski K., Tadeusz Kotarbinski from Ontological Reism to Semantical Concretism, in: Theory and History of Ontology, website ed. by R. Corazzon, URL: https://www.ontology.co/kotarbinskit.htm.
• Wójcik T., Praxiosemiotics: The Theory of Optimum Message in the Service of Other Disciplines and Practical Activities, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 125–141.
• Woleński J., Reism, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 Edition), ed. E.N. Zalta, URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2022/entries/reism/ (substantive revision on 10.04.2020).
• Wolniewicz B., Concerning Reism, in: Kotarbiński: Logic, Semantics and Ontology, ed. J. Woleński, Springer, Dordrecht 1990, pp. 199–204.
• Wybraniec-Skardowska U., Introduction. The School: Its Genesis, Development and Significance, in: The Lvov-Warsaw School: Past and Present, eds. Á. Garrido, U. Wybraniec-Skardowska, Birkhäuser, Cham 2016, pp. 3–14.
• Zieleniewski J., Dlaczego tylko „cybernetyka i filozofia nauk technicznych”, “Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa” 1968, Vol. 1, No. 17, pp. 3–12.
• Zieleniewski J., Remarks of a Polish Praxiologist on the Subject of a Paper by C. Gutiérrez, “Theory and Decision” 1971, Vol. 1, pp. 359–368.
• Zieleniewski J., The Theory of Organization and Management, in: Praxiological Studies: Polish Contributions to the Science of Efficient Action, eds. W.W. Gasparski, T. Pszczołowski, Springer, Dordrecht 1983 (Theory and Decision Library, Vol. 34), pp. 347–360.
• Zieleniewski J., Why “Cybernetics and the Philosophy of Technical Sciences” Only, in: Akten des XIV Internationallen Kongresses fur Philosophie, Vol. 2, Wien 1968, pp. 601–608 (transl. of Dlaczego tylko “cybernetyka i filozofia nauk technicznych”).
• Zieleniewski J., Wirsamkeitsschwelle, in: Lexicon der Planung und Organisation, eds. H. Niewerth, J. Schröder, Quickborner Team, Quickborn 1968, pp. 192–193.