Poza koncepcjami faszyzmu i koncepcjami faszystowskimi. O kategorii faszyzacji

• Authors: Katrin Stoll

Title variants

EN

Beyond Conceptions of Fascism and Fascist Conceptions: On the Category of Fascization

Abstracts

PL

Omawiając koncepcje i definicje faszyzmu, autorka oferuje nowe i szersze spojrzenie na to zjawisko, wprowadzając pojęcie faszyzacji jako narzędzie analityczne. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że warunki, które wyprodukowały faszyzm, nie zostały zniszczone, jego elementy nadal nie zostały zdelegitymizowane, a wyobraźnia faszystowska wciąż istnieje w europejskich i pozaeuropejskich społeczeństwach, autorka argumentuje, że potrzebujemy nowej kategorii łączącej przeszłość i teraźniejszość, jednakże takiej, która nie uhistoryczniałaby jednocześnie faszyzmu. Autorka identyfikuje praktyki i formy faszyzacji w takich sferach, jak unijna polityka antyimigrancka i antyuchodźcza, a także istniejące pod postacią rasistowskiej przemocy w zjednoczonych Niemczech. Krytycznie bada różne definicje faszyzmu i analizuje jego kluczowe cechy, w tym wspólnotę faszystowską z perspektywy psychoanalitycznej. Przygląda się również historiograficznej debacie na temat tego, czy faszyzm można uznać za rewolucyjny czy kontrrewolucyjny. Dokonując wyraźnego rozróżnienia między faszyzmem a narodowym socjalizmem, autorka ponownie analizuje sprawę Ernsta Noltego, którego interpretacja genezy narodowego socjalizmu wskrzesiła nazistowski Weltanschauung, normalizując i usprawiedliwiając nazistowską kampanię przeciwko europejskim Żydom.

EN

In discussing conceptions and definitions of fascism, this text offers a new and broader perspective on the phenomenon by introducing the concept of fascization as an analytical tool. Given the fact that the conditions that fascism produced have not been destroyed, its elements have not been delegitimized and that the fascist imagination still exists in European and non-European societies, the author argues that we need a new category connecting the past and present without historicizing fascism. The author identifies practices and forms of fascization in evidence such as the EU anti-migrant and anti-refugee policy as well as racist violence in Germany after reunification. The author critically examines various definitions of fascism and analyses its key characteristics including the fascist community from a psychoanalytical perspective. The author also looks at the historiographical debate concerning the question of whether or not fascism could be considered revolutionary or counter-revolutionary. Making a clear-cut distinction between fascism and National Socialism, the author re-visits the case of Ernst Nolte whose interpretation of the origins of National Socialism  resurrected the Nazi Weltanschauung by normalizing and justifying the Nazi campaign against the European Jews.

Keywords

PL

antysemityzm; autorytaryzm; faszyzm; faszyzacja; wyobraźnia faszystowska; Ernst Nolte; przemoc rasistowska; psychoanaliza

EN

Antisemitism; authoritarianism; fascism; fascization; fascist imagination; Ernst Nolte; racist violence; psychoanalysis

• Publisher: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Slawistyki PAN
• Journal: Studia Litteraria et Historica
• Year: 2021
• Issue: 10

Dates

published

2021

Contributors

author

Katrin Stoll

• Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena

• https://orcid.org/0000000199284880

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Identifiers

DOI

10.11649/slh.2716

Biblioteka Nauki

28407486