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2012 | 12 | 19-47

Article title

LAY UNDERSTANDING OF LEGAL TERMINOLOGY IN THE ERA OF THE JAPANESE LAY JUDGE SYSTEM

Content

Title variants

PL
ROZUMIENIE TERMINÓW PRAWNYCH PRZEZ NIESPECJALISTÓW W DOBIE SYSTEMU OPARTEGO NA SĘDZIACH NIEZAWODOWYCH W JAPONII

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
This paper discusses the unintelligible nature of legal terminology from lay perspectives in the era of the lay judge system. First, I will introduce Japan’s first plain language project which was set up by the lay-judge preparatory headquarters of Japan Federation of Bar Associations in preparation in 2005 for the lay judge system introduced in 2009. The project paraphrased sixty-one legal terms, which were important for lay judges but not known to lay people. I will show some rewording work, which was conducted by joint effort between legal and non-legal experts of the project. After the discussion of the rewording work I will move to a mock lay judge trial which was held by Maebashi District Courts, together with Maebashi District Public Prosecutors’ Offices and Gunma Bar Association in 2006 to prepare for the lay judge system. I will focus on one unintelligible legal terminology, ‘murder through willful negligence’ (mihitus no koi) and discuss how the intent to murder was determined in a deliberation of a mock trial, using a discourse connective, ‘the only thing is that…’ (tada). The introduction of the lay judge system has therefore given a prodigious opportunity to work on plain legal language in Japan.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problemu niezrozumiałości terminologii prawnej przez niespecjalistów w dobie systemu opartego na sędziach niezawodowych (ławnikach). Na wstępie autorka omawia pierwszy projekt uproszczenia japońskiego języka prawa stworzony w 2005 roku przez jednostki Japońskiej Federacji Izb Adwokackich w ramach przygotowywania systemu sądownictwa opartego na sędziach niezawodowych wprowadzonego w życie w 2009 roku. W projekcie sparafrazowano sześćdziesiąt jeden terminów prawnych, które są ważne dla sędziów niezawodowych, ale nie są zrozumiałe dla niespecjalistów. Następnie został omówiony próbny proces sądowy przeprowadzony w 2006 roku przed wprowadzeniem systemu opartego na sędziach niezawodowych w życie. Autorka koncentruje się na niezrozumiałym terminie “zabójstwo przez umyślne zaniedbanie” (mihitus no koi) oraz konektorze dyskursu tada.

Year

Volume

12

Pages

19-47

Physical description

Dates

published
2012-04-15

Contributors

  • Graduate School of Regional Policy Takasaki City University of Economics Public Member (Gunma Local Labor Relations Commission) Mediator (Maebashi Family Court)

References

  • Brown, Penelope and Stephen Levinson. 1978, 1987. Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fujita, Masahiro. 2005. ‘Houtei yougo ni kansuru mensetsu chosa’ (Interview survey on legalese), Jiyuu to Seigi (Freedom and Justice) Vol. 56 (3), 79–91.
  • Kawagoe, Naoko. 2003. ‘Hosoku no Setsuzokushi “tada” “tadashi” ni tsuite’ (On Supplementary Discourse Connectives ‘tada’ and ‘tadashi’). Ningen Bunka Gakubu Kenkyuu Nenpou (Tezukayama Gakuin University, Faculty of Human and Cultural Studies) 5, 82–101.
  • Kobayashi, Mitsuru and Toshimaro Kashiro, eds. 1992. Keiji Jijitsu Nintei – Jou (Fact-Finding in Criminal Cases – 1st volume). Tokyo: Hanrei Times Sha, Reprinted 2006.
  • Maeda, Masahide, ed. 2006. Saiban-in no tame no Yoku Wakaru Houritsu Yougo Kaisetus (Guide to Legal Terms for Lay Judges). Tokyo: Tachibana Shobo.
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  • Nihon Bengoshi Rengoukai. 2008a. Saiban-in no tame no Houtei Yougo Handbook (A Handbook for Lay People). Tokyo: Sanseido.
  • ----- 2008b. Saiban-in Jidai no Houtei Yougo (Courtroom Language in the Era of the Mixed Court), A. Goto as chief editor. Tokyo: Sanseido.
  • Okawara, Mami Hiraike. 2009a. ‘Settoku no Gengogaku’ (Persuasion of Linguistics)’. In Sadato Goto, Satoshi Shinomiya, Takashi Takano and Takafumi Hayano, eds. Saiban-in Saiban: Keiji Bengo Manual (Lay Judge Courts: Manual for Criminal Defence). Tokyo: Daichi Hoki.
  • ----- 2009b. Saiban Omoshiro Kotoba Gaku (Peculiar Courtroom Language Studies). Tokyo: Taishukan Shoten.
  • ----- 2008a. Shimin kara Mita Saiban-In-Saiban (The Mixed Court as Viewed by Lay People). Tokyo: Akashi Shoten.
  • ----- 2008b. ‘Saiban-in no Mesen ni Tatta Saishu Benron (Closing Arguments from the Viewpoints of Lay Judges)’, Hanrei Times 1260, 95–101.
  • Ono, Ichitaro. 1992. ‘Satsui’ (Intent to Murder), in M. Kobayashi and T. Kashiro, eds., Keiji Jijitsu Nintei – Jou (Fact-Finding in Criminal Cases – 1st volume). Tokyo: Hanrei Times Sha, Reprinted 2006.
  • Ramseye, J. Mark and Minoru Nakazato. 1998. Japanese Law. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_cl_2012_12_02
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