Zjawisko korupcji w demokracji skonsolidowanej. Przypadek Finlandii

• Authors: Bartosz Czepil

Title variants

EN

The phenomenon of corruption in consolidated democracy. The case of Finland

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Zjawisko korupcji w stabilnych, zamożnych państwach demokratycznych określanych mianem demokracji skonsolidowanych było przez długi czas ignorowane przez badaczy. Jednak w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu XX wieku pojawiły się czynniki, które doprowadziły do instytucjonalizacji kwestii korupcji w dojrzałych demokracjach. Tę zmianę obserwujemy również w Finlandii, która według Indeksu Percepcji Korupcji publikowanym przez Transparency International jest postrzegana jako jedno z najmniej skorumpowanych państw świata. Jednak również w tym kraju możemy odnaleźć specyficzne formy korupcji. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka tzw. sieci starych braci jako praktyk korupcyjnych charakterystycznych dla Finlandii. Autor stara się pokazać proces instytucjonalizacji kwestii sieci starych braci oraz problemy towarzyszące istnieniu tego zjawiska w fińskiej przestrzeni publicznej. Przede wszystkim wskazuje, że w Finlandii możemy obserwować przedefiniowanie nieformalnych, konsensualnych praktyk, które przez długi czas były akceptowanymi komponentami systemu politycznego, na praktyki o statusie korupcyjnym. Subtelność tych praktyk powoduje, że często trudno zaklasyfikować je jako jednoznaczne formy nadużywania władzy dla prywatnych korzyści.

EN

The phenomenon of corruption in consolidated democracies has been ignored for a long time by academics. Nevertheless in the last decade of the XX century new factors have emerged leading to the institutionalization of an issue of corruption in the advanced democracies. This change can be observed also in the case of Finland, which is perceived as one of the least corrupt country in the world according to the Corruption Perception Index published by the Transparency International. However, also in Finland a specific forms of corruption can be found. The article aims at description of the ‘old brothers networks‘ as a corrupt practices peculiar to Finland. The author seeks to present an institutionalization of the ‘old brothers network’ issue and the problems related to an occurrence of this phenomenon in Finnish public sphere. Primarily, it is argued that Finland has witnessed a redefinition of informal, consensus-based practices, which commonly had been accepted as a part of the political system, into the practices defined as corrupt. The subtle nature of these practices is a reason behind difficulties with classifying them as a clear-cut forms of abuse of power for private gain.

Keywords

PL

korupcja; demokracja skonsolidowana; nieformalne sieci; państwa nordyckie

EN

corruption; consolidated democracy; informal networks; Nordic states; corruption; consolidated democracy; informal networks; Nordic states

• Publisher: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
• Journal: Przegląd Politologiczny
• Year: 2017
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 113-127

Dates

published

2017-06-15

Contributors

author

Bartosz Czepil

• Uniwersytet Opolski

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Identifiers

DOI

10.14746/pp.2017.22.2.7