Insecurity in the Middle East: Why Do the Reformist Movements Constantly Fail? Towards a New Conceptual Framework

• Authors: Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi , Mohsen Shafie Seifabadi

Title variants

PL

Brak bezpieczeństwa na Bliskim Wschodzie: Dlaczego ruchy reformatorskie stale ponoszą porażkę? W kierunku nowych ram teoretycznych

Abstracts

PL

W ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad kraje Bliskiego Wschodu często były świadkami powszechnych protestów przeciwko reżimom autorytarnym. Pytanie brzmi, dlaczego te protesty nigdy nie przynoszą pożądanego rezultatu? Niezależnie od roli, jaką odgrywają podmioty zagraniczne w utrwalaniu autorytarnych reżimów na Bliskim Wschodzie, wydaje się, że tym, co powoduje, że protesty nie są wszechobecne, a infrastruktury polityczne nie upadają, jest fakt, że protesty nie zostały poparte przez większość narodu. W niniejszym artykule dowodzimy, że taki brak poparcia związany jest z fundamentalną przyczyną, którą nazwaliśmy cyklem strachu. Cykl ten obejmuje strach mas przed reżimem, strach przed porażką ruchu i jej strasznymi konsekwencjami oraz strach przed systemem politycznym, który ma dojść do władzy po obaleniu urzędującego rządu. Ważną rolę w tworzeniu i utrwalaniu tego strachu oraz przekształcaniu go w panikę pełnią rządy.

EN

Over the last three decades, the Middle East countries have frequently witnessed popular protests against the authoritarian regimes. The question is why these protests never come to a desirable end? Regardless of the role played by foreign actors in perpetuating the authoritarian regimes of the Middle East, it seems that what causes the protests not to be pervasive and the political infrastructures not to collapse is that the protests have not been supported by the people’s majority. The present article argues that such a dearth of support refers to a fundamental cause that we named the fear cycle. This cycle includes the masses’ fear of the regime, fear of the movement’s failure and its dire consequences, and fear of the political system that is supposed to come to power after the overthrow of the incumbent government. The governments have an important role in creating and perpetuating this fear and turning it into a panic.

Keywords

EN

The Middle East; Political Protests; Fear; Insecurity; Authoritarian Regimes

PL

Bliski Wschód; protesty polityczne; strach; brak bezpieczeństwa; reżimy autorytarne

• Publisher: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
• Journal: Przegląd Strategiczny
• Year: 2022
• Issue: 15
• Pages: 169-186

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi

• Yasouj University

• https://orcid.org/0000000245845870

author

Mohsen Shafie Seifabadi

• Ardakan University, Iran

• https://orcid.org/000000021217939X

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Identifiers

DOI

10.14746/ps.2022.1.11

Biblioteka Nauki

30147204