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2016 | 10 | 255-274

Article title

Integracja europejska a redefinicja polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych: przyczyny zainicjowania i rozwój transatlantyckich stosunków bezpieczeństwa w latach 1945–1948

Authors

Content

Title variants

EN
European integration and the redefinition of US foreign policy: the causes for the initiation and development of transatlantic security relations 1945–1948

Languages of publication

PL

Abstracts

PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie przyczyn zainicjowania i rozwoju transatlantyckich stosunków bezpieczeństwa w latach 1945–1948. Szczególny nacisk jest położony na ukazanie związku pomiędzy wstępnymi działaniami państw Europy Zachodniej na rzecz osiągnięcia jedności europejskiej a redefinicją polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych tuż po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej. Aktywność państw Europy Zachodniej oraz Stanów Zjednoczonych podyktowana była zagrożeniem ze strony Związku Radzieckiego, co skutkowało wybuchem zimnej wojny. Główni gracze w Europie Zachodniej, tj. Wielka Brytania i Francja, dążyły do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa, początkowo biorąc pod uwagę ewentualny powrót Niemiec do agresywnej polityki, ale szybko zaczęto przede wszystkim brać pod uwagę możliwość ekspansji komunizmu. W artykule poddane są analizie dwie istotne inicjatywy europejskie, tj. Traktat z Dunkierki (1947 r.) oraz ustanowienie Unii Zachodniej na mocy Traktatu Brukselskiego (1948 r.). Powstanie Unii Zachodniej jako europejskiego sojuszu wojskowego wpłynęło na decyzję Stanów Zjednoczonych o powołaniu w 1949 r. Sojuszu Atlantyckiego. Powstanie NATO było zwieńczeniem redefinicji polityki USA wobec Europy po 1945 r. Amerykanie odeszli od tradycyjnej polityki izolacjonizmu na rzecz zaangażowania w sprawy europejskie w celu wspomożenia w odbudowie gospodarczej państw Europy Zachodniej, aby mogły się one stabilizować gospodarczo i politycznie (plan Marshalla) i nie wpadły w strefę wpływów Związku Radzieckiego (doktryna powstrzymywania). W artykule występują odwołania do wiodących teorii stosunków międzynarodowych, tj. realizmu i liberalizmu.
EN
The aim of the article is to show reasons to initiate and to develop transatlantic security relations from 1945 till 1948. A particular emphasis is put on showing the relationship betweenthe initial activities of Western European countries to achieve European unity and the redefinition of US foreign policy after the Second World War. Activities of Western European countriesand the United States were dictated by the threat from the Soviet Union, which resulted in the outbreak of the Cold War. Key players in Western Europe, like Great Britain and France, sought to ensure their security, initially considering a possible return of Germany to an aggressive policy, but quickly began primarily to take into account the possibility of the expansion of communism. Two important European initiatives, i.e. the Treaty of Dunkirk (1947) and the establishment of the Western Union by the Treaty of Brussels (1948) are analyzed in the article. The establishment of the Western Union as a European military alliance influenced the US decision to create the Atlantic Alliance in 1949. The establishment of NATO was the culmination of a redefinition of US policy towards Europe after 1945. Americans departed thus from theirtraditional isolationist policy in favour of engagement in European affairs to assist in the economic reconstruction of Western European countries, so they could stabilize economically and politically (the Marshall Plan) and did not fall into the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union (the doctrine of containment). The article refers to the leading theories of international relations, i.e. realism and liberalism.

Year

Issue

10

Pages

255-274

Physical description

Dates

published
2016-12-31

Contributors

  • Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Lublin

References

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Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_rie_2016_10_16
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