Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


2022 | 16 | 91-117

Article title

„America First”. Relacje administracji Trumpa z Unią Europejską

Content

Title variants

EN
“America First”. The Trump Administration’s Relationship with the European Union

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
The article presents the actions of the Trump administration towards the European Union. By analyzing the problem, they tried to find out the causes of tensions between Washington and Brussels and to outline the main axis of the dispute. It was the strained trade relations, which even entered the phase of an undeclared trade war between the US and the EU. It has been shown that the essence of the problem was that Trump used higher tariffs on goods imported from Europe as an instrument of exerting pressure and implementing policies aimed at the EU. As a result, the cohesion of the transatlantic alliance was weakened.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono działania administracji Trumpa wobec Unii Europejskiej. Analizując problem, starano się dociec przyczyn napięć na linii Waszyngton–Bruksela oraz zarysować główną oś sporu. Były nią napięte relacje handlowe, które weszły nawet w fazę niewypowiedzianej wojny handlowej między USA a UE. Wykazano, że istotą problemu było to, że Trump używał wyższych ceł na towary sprowadzane z Europy jako instrumentu wywierania nacisku oraz realizowania polityki wymierzonej w UE. Wspólnota zaś reagowała cłami odwetowymi. W efekcie osłabiano spoistość sojuszu transatlantyckiego.

Keywords

Year

Issue

16

Pages

91-117

Physical description

Dates

published
2022

Contributors

  • Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

References

  • Aust S., Scholz M. (2020), Trump sollte keine zweite Amtszeit bekommen, „Die Welt” 1.08.2020, https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article212685889/John-Bolton-Trump-sollte-keine-zweite-Amtszeit-bekommen.html, 20.05.2021.
  • Brown S., Gehrke L. (2020), Trump lashes out at „perennial prophets of doom” climate, 21.01.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-lashes-out-at-perennial-prophets-of-doom-on-climate/, 20.05.2021.
  • Bundeskanzllerin Merkel gratuliert dem designierten Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Donald Trump, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 9.11.2016, https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/Content/DE/Pressemitteilungen/BPA/2016/11/2016-11-09-trump.html, 20.05.2021.
  • Burchard H. von der (2018), Germany’s transatlantic peaceniks feel Trump trade burn, 11.06.2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/berlin-germany-new-realpolitik-the-americans-arent-our-friends-anymore-angela-merkel-donald-trump/, 20.05.2021.
  • Burchard H. von der, Hanke J. (2018), Germany gains upper hand in European split over Trump trade strategy, 17.07.2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-gains-upper-hand-in-european-split-over-trump-trade-strategy/, 20.05.2021.
  • Casalicchio E. (2020), UK backs Donald Trump on China – up to a point, 21.07.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-backs-donald-trump-on-china-up-to-a-point-mike-pompeo-dominic-raab-boris-johnson/, 20.05.2021.
  • Cassella M., Palmer D. (2020a), EU trade chief: Effort to ease tensions with US off to „good start”, 17.01.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-trade-chief-effort-to-ease-tensions-with-u-s-off-to-good-start/, 19.07.2022.
  • Cassella M., Palmer D. (2020b), EU trade chiefs urges reset in US relationship amid tensions, 16.01.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-trade-chief-phil-hogan-urges-reset-in-us-relationship-amid-tensions/, 19.07.2022.
  • Cerulus L., Barigazzi J. (2020), Chinese foreign minister warns of US „interference” on European tour, 25.08.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/chinese-foreign-minister-warns-of-us-interference-on-europe-tour/, 19.07.2022.
  • Commission reviews relations with China, proposes 10 actions, 12.03.2019, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_1605, 19.07.2022.
  • Czarnecki M. (2018), Szczyt G7 pokazał rosnącą przepaść między Ameryka Trumpa a UE, „Gazeta Wyborcza” 10.06.2018, https://wyborcza.pl/7,75399,23520511,szczyt-g7-pokazal-rosnaca-przepasc-miedzy-ameryka-trumpa-a-ue.html?disableRedirects=true, 19.07.2022.
  • Deficyt handlowy USA w 2016 r. wyniósł 502,3 mld dol., 7.02.2017, https://finanse.wnp.pl/deficyt-handlowy-usa-w-2016-r-wyniosl-502-3-mld-dol,291489_1_0_0.html, 19.07.2022.
  • Deutsche Reaktionen auf Trump-Sieg. „Zusammenarbeit auf Basis demokratischer Werte”, „Tagesschau” 9.11.2016, https://www.tageschau.de/inland/trump-deutschland-103.html, 19.07.2022.
  • EU/US: Joint press release by the EEAS and Department of State on the phone call between J. Borrell and M. Pompeo, 23.10.2020, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/87472/euus-joint-press-release-eeas-and-department-state-phone-call-between-jborrell-and-mpompeo_en, 19.07.2022.
  • Economic and Trade Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the People’s Republic of China, 15.01.2020, https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/phase%20one%20agreement/Economic_And_Trade_Agreement_Between_The_United_States_And_China_Text.pdf, 19.07.2022.
  • European Commission, EU–China – A Strategic Outlook, March 2019, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/communication-EU-china-a-strategic-outlook.pdf, 19.07.2022.
  • Gehrke L. (2020), Trump: EU „more difficult to do business with China”, 22.01.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-eu-more-difficult-to-do-business-with-than-china/amp/, 19.07.2022.
  • Germany’s 2016 trade surplus sets record, may fuel US tensions, 9.02.2027, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/09/germanys-2016-trade-surplus-sets-record-may-fuel-us-tensions.html, 19.07.2022.
  • Germany’s trade surplus with U.S. is ‘win-win’ situation: economy minister, 23.05.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-germany/germanys-trade-surplus-with-u-s-is-win-win-situation-economy-minister-idUSKBN18J2NT, 19.07.2022.
  • Gove M. (2017), Donald Trump interview: Brexit will be great thing, „The Times” 15.01.2017, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/donald-trump-interview-brexit-britain-trade-deal-europe-qeen-5m0bc2tns, 19.07.2022.
  • Guetta B. (2020), Nasz ulubiony wróg, „Gazeta Wyborcza” 6–7.06.2020.
  • Hanke J. (2019a), EU trade boss Malmström says America is not enemy territory, 26.09.2019, https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-trade-boss-malmstrom-says-america-is-not-enemy-territory/, 19.07.2022.
  • Hanke J. (2019b), Trump poised to hit EU with billions in tariffs after victory in Airbus case, 14.09.2019, https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-poised-to-hit-eu-with-billions-in-tariffs-after-airbus-win/, 19.07.2022.
  • Herszenhorn D. M. (2019a), Charles Michel calls on EU to „act boldly and confidently” on world stage, 5.09.2019, https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-to-act-boldly-on-world-stage-charles-michel/, 19.07.2022.
  • Herszenhorn D. M. (2020b), Pompeo says US ready to team up on China, but eye a post-Trump world, 25.06.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/pompeo-says-us-ready-to-team-up-on-china-but-eu-eyes-a-post-trump-world/, 19.07.2022.
  • Herszenhorn D. M. (2019c), Trump administration wants to „reset” relations with EU, 2.09.2019, https://www.politico.eu/article/trump-administration-wants-to-reset-relations-with-eu/, 19.07.2022.
  • Juncker zapowiada odwet na USA. „Nie będziemy siedzieć bezczynnie. UE zareaguje w sposób zdecydowany”, 2.03.2018, https://wolnosc24.pl/2018/03/02/juncker-zapowiada-odwet-na-usa-nie-bedziemy-siedziec-bezczynnie-ue-zareaguje-w-sposob-zdecydowany/, 19.07.2022.
  • Karnitschnig M. (2020), Mike Pompeo’s summer feel-good tour of Europe, 14.08.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/mike-pompeo-bohemian-rhapsody-us-foreign-policy/, 19.07.2022.
  • Kinkartz S. (2018), UE stawia czoła USA. Niemcy sceptyczni, 19.05.2018, https://www.dw.com/pl/ue-stawia-czoła-usa-niemcy-sceptyczni/a-43846485, 19.07.2022.
  • Leali G., Mears E., Wax E., Lanktree G. (2020), Europe has mixed reactions to updated US tariffs over Airbus, 14.08.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-has-mixed-reactions-to-updated-us-tariffs-over-airbus/, 19.07.2022.
  • Letter from President Tusk and Juncker to congratulate Donald Trump on his election as the next President of the United States, Sekretariat Generalny Rady Europejskiej, 9.11.2016, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-release/2016/11/09/-tusk-joint-congratulations-us-president/, 19.07.2022.
  • List gratulacyjny od Andrzeja Dudy do Donalda Trumpa, 9.11.2016, https://www.prezydent.pl/aktualnosci/wypowiedzi-prezydenta-rp/inne/art,278,list-gratulacyjny-od-andrzeja-dudy-dla-donalda-trumpa.html, 19.07.2022.
  • Mead W. R. (2017), The Jacksonian Revolt. American Populism and the Liberal Order, „Foreign Affairs” March/April, no. 2.
  • Michta A. (2020), Renewed Transatlanticism or a Post-American Europe, „The American Interest” 9.07.2020, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2020/07/09/renewed-transatlanticism-or-a-post-american-europe/, 19.07.2022.
  • Minister gospodarki Niemiec ostrzega przed wojną handlową, 20.03.2018, https://www.dw.com/pl/minister-gospodarki-niemiec-ostrzega-przed-wojną-handlową/a-43044137, 19.07.2022.
  • Morin R., Cassella M. (2018), Trump says no new tariffs against EU after parties agree to trade negotiations, 25.07.2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-jean-claude-juncker-announces-trade-negotiations-with-eu/, 19.07.2022
  • Morozowski T. (2016), Reakcje Niemiec na wynik wyborów prezydenckich w USA, Biuletyn Instytutu Zachodniego nr 278, https://www.iz.poznan.pl/plik,pobierz,1710,d4a3c09c6e45282fc03df1c66e0fc77e/278.pdf, 19.07.2022.
  • Nichts wird einfacher, vieles wird schwieriger, „Die Welt” 10.11.2016, https://www.welt.de/die_welt/politik/article159394222/Nichts-wird-einfacher-vieles-wird-schieriger.html, 19.07.2022.
  • Niemiecki rząd o cłach USA na stal: „Są bezprawne”, 9.03.2018, https://www.dw.com/pl/niemiecki-rząd-o-cłach-usa-na-stal-są-bezprawne/a-42913465, 19.07.2022.
  • Niemieckie koncerny motoryzacyjne na celowniku Trumpa. Kto straci najwięcej?, 29.05.2018, https://www.dw.com/pl/niemieckie-koncerny-motoryzacyjne-na-celowniku-trumpa-kto-straci-najwięcej/a-43986182, 19.07.2022.
  • Ostre reakcje na amerykańskie cła. „Zagrożenie dla światowego handlu”, 2.03.2018, https://www.dw.com/pl/ostre-reakcje-na-amerykańskie-cła-zagrożenie-dla-światowego-handlu/a-42799414, 19.07.2022.
  • Patrick S. M. (2017), Trump and World Order. The Return of Self-Help, „Foreign Affairs” March/April, no. 2.
  • Rada Europejska, 21–22 marca 2019, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pl/meetings/european-council/2019/03/21-22/, 19.07.2022.
  • Reiermann Ch., Müller P. (2018), We Won’t Allow Ourselves to Be Blackmailed, „Der Spiegel” 18.05.2018, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/eu-commissioner-cecilia-malmstroem-on-u-s-trade-war-a-1208532.html, 19.07.2022.
  • Restuccia A. (2018), In abrupt shift, Trump makes nice with EU, gets tough on Russia, 26.07.2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/in-abrupt-shift-donald-trump-makes-nice-with-eu-gets-tough-on-russia-vladimir-putin/, 19.07.2022.
  • Restuccia A., Palmer D. (2018), „It’s not going to be a great meeting”: Trump to welcome Juncker, 25.07.2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/its-not-going-to-be-a-great-meeting-donald-trump-to-welcome-jean-claude-juncker-tariffs-trade/, 19.07.2022.
  • Riddervold M., Newsome A. (2018), Transatlantic relations in times of uncertainty: crises and EU-US relations, „Journal of European Integration”, vol. 40, no. 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2018.1488839
  • Scott M., Braun E. (2020), How the US made France blink on digital tax, 23.01.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/how-the-us-made-france-blink-on-digital-tax-bruno-le-maire-donald-trump-emmanuel-macron-google-facebook-tariffs/, 19.07.2022.
  • Seddiq O. (2020), Pompeo says China poses an ongoing threat to the West, 31.05.2020, https://www.politico.eu/article/mike-pompeo-says-china-poses-an-ongoing-threat-to-the-west-hong-kong/, 19.07.2022.
  • Speech by Foreign Minister Maas: „Courage to Stand Up for Europe − #Europe United”, 13.06.2018, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/newsroom/news/maas-europeunited/2106528, 19.07.2022.
  • Szczyt UE–Chiny, 9 kwietnia 2019, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/pl/meetings/international-summit/2019/04/09/, 19.07.2022.
  • TV-Sendungen der ARD, 10.06.2018, https://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Anne-Will/Nach-dem-G7-Gipfel-Bundeskanzlerin-Ang/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=53067204, 19.07.2022.
  • Transatlantic Relations: U.S. Interests and Key Issues (2019), Congressional Research Service, May 31, 2019, https://crsreports.congress,gov.
  • Trump M. L. (2020), Zbyt wiele i nigdy dosyć. Jak moja rodzina stworzyła najniebezpieczniejszego człowieka na świecie, Warszawa.
  • Wintour P. (2016), Barack Obama says world needs united Europe, „The Guardian” 25.04.2016.
  • Wojna handlowa? Francja i UE gotowe odpowiedzieć sankcjami w sporze z USA, 3.10.2019, https://gospodarka.dziennik.pl/news/artykuly/609309,wojna-handlowa-usa-ue-francja-spor-gospodarka-airbus.html, 19.07.2022.
  • World leaders react to Donald Trump’s US election victory, „The Guardian” 9.11.2016, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/nov/09/world-leaders-react-to-donald-trumps-us-election-victory, 19.07.2022.
  • Wright Th. (2020a), Europe changes its mind on China, July 2020, https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2020/07/FP_20200708_china_europe_wright_v2.pdf, 19.07.2022.
  • Wright Th. (2020b), Pompeo’s surreal speech on China, 27.07.2020, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/07/27/pompeos-surreal-speech-on-china/, 19.07.2022.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
31233284

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_14746_rie_2022_16_6
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.