Protecting juvenile defendants in the trial and from the trial: special safeguards in EU and Italian regulations

• Authors: Andrea Zampini

Title variants

PL

Ochrona nieletnich oskarżonych przed rozprawą sądową oraz w jej trakcie: pomiędzy włoskimi a unijnymi gwarancjami procesowymi

Abstracts

PL

Zarówno dyrektywa 2016/800/UE, jak i włoska ustawa krajowa o postępowaniu karnym w sprawach nieletnich (dekret prezydencki nr 448/1988) mają na celu zapewnienie szczególnych zabezpieczeń dla młodych podejrzanych i oskarżonych, aby chronić ich delikatną i wciąż rozwijającą się osobowość oraz aby zapewnić, że każde przestępstwo rzekomo popełnione przez nieletniego jest odosobnionym incydentem w ich przeszłości. Zabezpieczenia te są wymagane w trakcie całego postępowania karnego, zwłaszcza na etapie procesu, który może być mylący i przytłaczający dla nieletniego i może poważnie wpłynąć na jego rozwój. Faza procesu – wraz z zapobiegawczym ograniczeniem wolności osobistej – wydaje się najbardziej niebezpiecznym segmentem proceduralnym dla osobowości dzieci. Proces sądowy jest miejscem, w którym „sztuka” wymiaru sprawiedliwości ożywa na głównej scenie, z całym swoim rytuałem, językiem i postaciami. Próbując zidentyfikować zabezpieczenia, które mają działać podczas fazy procesu, wyłaniają się dwa główne obszary: jeden koncentruje się na kwestii pomocy, która musi być głębsza ze względu na szczególny charakter osobowości i doświadczenia życiowego nieletnich; drugi ma na celu ochronę prywatności dzieci, tak aby ich publiczny wizerunek był w jak największym stopniu chroniony przed negatywnymi konsekwencjami procesu. Artykuł koncentruje się na tych aspektach, analizując regulacje prawne i orzecznictwo. W niektórych przypadkach włoskie regulacje prawne wykraczają poza standardy dyrektywy europejskiej, stanowiąc wzór dla innych systemów prawnych. Jednakże, mimo że regulacje wewnętrzne formalnie odpowiadają wymogom UE w niektórych przypadkach, wymagają one dalszej poprawy. Ponadto na poziomie prawa w działaniu włoskie podejście orzecznicze czasami osłabia zabezpieczenia przewidziane przez prawo, co wskazuje na potrzebę różnych rozwiązań interpretacyjnych, które są odpowiednie do pełnego poszanowania praw dziecka. W obliczu takich kwestii autor sugeruje pewne rozwiązania egzegetyczne.

EN

Both the Directive 2016/800/EU and the Italian national law on juvenile criminal trial (presidential decree no. 448/1988) aim to provide specific safeguards for young suspects and defendants to protect their fragile and still-developing personality, and to ensure that any crime allegedly committed by the minor is an isolated incident in their past. These safeguards are required throughout criminal proceedings, especially during the trial stage, which can be confusing and overwhelming for a juvenile and may seriously impact their development. The trial phase – along with the precautionary limitation of personal freedom – seems to be the most dangerous procedural segment for children’s personalities. The trial is where the justice ‘play’ comes to life on its main stage, with its whole ritual, language, and characters. When attempting to identify safeguards intended to operate during the trial phase, two main fields seem to emerge: one focuses on the issue of assistance, which has to be more profound due to the unique nature of juvenile personality and experience of life; while the other one aims to protect children’s privacy so that their public image will be shielded as much as possible from the negative consequences of the trial. The article first focuses on these aspects by analysing legal regulations and the jurisprudence. In some cases, Italian legal regulation exceeds European directive standards, serving as a model for other legal systems. However, even though the internal regulation formally matches the EU requirement in some instances, it needs further improvement. Also, in terms of the law in action, the Italian jurisprudential approach sometimes weakens the safeguards provided by law, demonstrating the need for different interpretative solutions that are adequate to respect children’s rights fully. In the light of such issues, the author suggests some exegetical solutions.

Keywords

EN

juvenile criminal justice; criminal trial; privacy protection; childhood protection

PL

wymiar sprawiedliwości w sprawach karnych nieletnich; proces karny; ochrona dziecka; ochrona prywatności

• Publisher: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
• Journal: Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 85
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 49-74

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Andrea Zampini

• Sapienza University of Rome

• https://orcid.org/0000000281171842

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Identifiers

DOI

10.14746/rpeis.2023.85.4.03

Biblioteka Nauki

28825287