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2023 | 1(14) | 109-136

Article title

Ellen Axson Wilson (1860–1914): artystka, która „uczyniła” męża prezydentem USA

Content

Title variants

EN
Ellen Axson Wilson (1860–1914): the Artist who “Made” her Husband President of the USA

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
Treated as an integral part of national history, the wives of US presidents usually enjoyed a great deal of affection from their countrymen. Depending on the era, the expectations of the American people and, to a not inconsiderable extent, the abilities or predispositions of the successive occupants of the White House, they gave this informal institution of the first lady their unique, individual character. In the diverse pantheon of female presidents, an interesting figure and somewhat underrated was Woodrow Wilson’s first wife Ellen Axson Wilson, a lifelong companion for 29 years, prominently supporting him at all stages of his career, both in his academic work and later in his political activities. She was a devoted and trusted aide, advisor and supportive partner in his political career, first as Governor of New Jersey (1911–1913) and then, from 4 March 1913, as President of the United States. Ellen Axson Wilson only served as First Lady for 17 months, as she died prematurely on 6 August 1914. She was to some extent a representative of the emerging ‘new woman’, who tried to combine her private life and traditional femininity (she was a happy wife and mother) with public activity and a passion for painting. Her greatest achievement during her years in the White House was the social and reform work she undertook to improve the living conditions of poor neighborhoods in the capital and legislation in this area.
PL
Żony prezydentów USA, traktowane jako nieodłączny element narodowej historii, cieszyły się zwykle dużą sympatią rodaków. W zależności od epoki, oczekiwań Amerykanów, a w niemałym stopniu i od możliwości czy predyspozycji kolejnych mieszkanek Białego Domu, nadawały one tej nieformalnej instytucji first lady swój niepowtarzalny, indywidualny charakter. W zróżnicowanym panteonie prezydentowych ciekawą i trochę niedocenioną postacią była pierwsza żona Woodrowa Wilsona – Ellen Axson Wilson, przez 29 lat towarzyszka życia, wydatnie wspierająca go na wszystkich etapach kariery, zarówno w pracy akademickiej, jak i potem w działalności politycznej. Była oddaną i zaufaną pomocnicą, doradczynią i partnerką wspomagającą jego karierę polityczną, najpierw jako gubernatora New Jersey (1911–1913), a potem od 4 marca 1913 r. prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych. Ellen Axson Wilson obowiązki first lady pełniła jedynie przez 17 miesięcy, bowiem zmarła przedwcześnie 6 sierpnia 1914 r. Była w jakimś stopniu reprezentantką rodzącej się „nowej kobiety”, która starała się łączyć sferę życia prywatnego i tradycyjną kobiecość (była szczęśliwą żoną i matką) z aktywnością publiczną i pasją malarską. Jej największym osiągnięciem w okresie spędzonym w Białym Domu były prace społeczne i reformatorskie, które podjęła w celu polepszenia warunków życia mieszkańców ubogich dzielnic w stolicy i ustawodawstwa w tym zakresie.

Year

Issue

Pages

109-136

Physical description

Dates

published
2023

Contributors

  • Uniwersytet w Białymstoku

References

  • Axson, Stockton. Brother Wilson, ed. by Arthur S. Link, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
  • Grayson, Cary. Woodrow Wilson. An Intimate Memoir, (Washington: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1921.
  • Hoover Hood, Irwin. Forty-two Years in the White House, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934).
  • Rogers Parks, Lilian and Spatz Leighton, Frances. It Was Fun Working at the White House, (New York–London: Fleet Press Corp., 1969).
  • The Priceless Gift: The Love Letters of Woodrow Wilson to Ellen, ed by Eleanor Wilson McAdoo, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962).
  • Tumulty, Joseph P. Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him, (New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1921).
  • Wilson McAdoo, Eleanor with Margaret Y. Gaffey. The Woodrow Wilsons, (New York: Macmillan, 1937).
  • Ambrosius, Lloyd E. Woodrow Wilson and American Internationalism, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
  • Burns, Lisa M. “Ellen Axson Wilson. A Rhetorical Reassessment of a Forgotten First Lady”, w: Molly Meijer Wertheimer (ed.), Inventing a Voice. The Rhetoric of American First Ladies of the Twentieth Century, (Lanham–Boulder–New York–Toronto–Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004), 79–101.
  • Burns, Lisa M. First Ladies and the Fourth Estate. Press Framing of Presidential Wives, (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2008).
  • Caroli Boyd, Betty. First Ladies From Martha Washington to Michelle Obama, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).
  • Cassidy, Tina. Mr. President, How Long Must We Wait? Alice Paul, Woodrow Wilson, and the Fight for the Right to Vote, (New York–London: 37 Ink/Atria, 2019).
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  • Cyphers, Christopher J. The National Civic Federation and the Making of a New Liberalism, 1900–1915, (New York: Praeger, 2002).
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  • Dubovoy, Sina. Ellen A. Wilson. The Woman Who Made a President, (New York: Nova Science Publisher, 2011).
  • Freud, Sigmund and Bullitt William C. Thomas Woodrow Wilson. A Psychological Study, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966).
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  • Sallee, Shelley. “Ellen (Louise) Axson Wilson (1860–1914). First Lady. 1913–1914”, w: L.L. Gould (ed.), American First Ladies. Their Lives and Their Legacy, (New York–London: Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1996), 341.
  • Saunders, Frances Wright. Ellen Axson Wilson. First Lady Between Two Worlds, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985).
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  • Schulte Nordholt, Jan Willem. Woodrow Wilson. A Life for World Peace, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
  • Smith, Gene. When the Cheering Stopped. The Last Years of Woodrow Wilson, (New York: Open Road Media, 1982).
  • First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson, http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=28.
  • Saunders, Frances Wright. “Love and Guilt: Woodrow Wilson and Mary Hulbert”, American Heritage, Vol. 30, Issue 3, April/May 1979, https://www.americanheritage.com/love-and-guiltwoodrow-wilson-and-mary-hulbert#1
  • Welter, Barbara. “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860”, American Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 2, Part 1, Summer, 1966, 151–174,https://english.hku.hk/staff/kjohnson/PDF/WelterBarbaraCULTWOMANHOODinAQ1966.pdf
  • https://scri.siena.edu/first-ladies-study

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
2834802

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_15290_cnisk_2023_01_14_06
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