Religious Tourism on the Example of Nation Pilgrim Places in Slovakia (Patronages of the Virgin Mary)

• Authors: Viliam Judák , Lucia Petrikovičová , Amantius Akimjak

Abstracts

EN

Aim. Pilgrimage thus belongs to the oldest non-economic forms of migration and is a phenomenon that has intertwined throughout the history of religions. The aim of the article is to emphasize the important position of religious tourism as one of its forms. Based on the deep-rooted tradition of wandering in Slovakia, characterize important places of pilgrimage of national and perhaps partly international significance. Method. Terrain reconnaissance together with analysis of archival and parish documents. Results. Numerous Marian temples and chapels testify to the Marian veneration in Slovakia. Of the 5925 known patronages of churches and chapels (even those that have disappeared) in Slovakia, 1762 are dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Of these Marian patrons, 329 are consecrated by the Seven Sorrows of Our Virgin Mary. The result of field research is an analysis of six pilgrimage sites of national importance in Slovakia. Conclusion. Slovakia is a strongly Christian country with a tradition of wandering, as evidenced by many local and regional pilgrimage sites. Pilgrimage sites are understood as contact points that God has marked, they are the intersections where the ways of God meet the ways of people. There are mostly Marian pilgrimage sites in Slovakia and six of them (Marianka, Staré Hory, Levoča, Šaštín, Nitra, Ľutina) are of national importance.

Keywords

EN

pilgrimage; pilgrimage route; religious tourism; wandering; basilica minor

• Publisher: Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
• Journal: Journal of Education Culture and Society
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 13
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 615-630

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Viliam Judák

• Faculty of Roman Catholic Theology of Cyril and Methodius, Comenius University Bratislava, Šafárikovo námestie 6, 81458 Bratislava, Slovakia

• https://orcid.org/0000000344154776

author

Lucia Petrikovičová

• Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Department of Geography, Constantine The Philosopher University in Nitra, Geoinformatics and Regional Development, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia

• https://orcid.org/000000023200794X

author

Amantius Akimjak

• Faculty of Theology, Department of Social Works, Catholic University in Ružomberok. Hrabovská cesta 1A, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia

• https://orcid.org/0000000312953274

References

• Alaverdov, E., & Bari, M. W. (2021). Global Development of Religious Tourism. Publisher igi-global.com, Hershey.
• Ambrósio, V., Fernandes, C., Goretti, S., & Cabral, A. (2020). A conceptual model for assessing the level of development of Pilgrimage Routes. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 7(2), 94–104.
• Ambrósio, V., Fernandes, C., Krogmann, A., Leitão, I., Oremusová, D., & Petrikovičová (Šolcová), L. (2019). From church perseverance in authoritarian states to today´s religious inspired tourism. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 17(5), 1065–1078.
• Bazilika Šaštín. (2022, January 24). Farnosť Šaštín [Parish Šaštín]. https://bazilika.sk/farnost/bohosluzobnyporiadok.
• Bazilika Ľutina. (2022, January 24). Pútnici [Pilgrims]. https://bazilikalutina.sk/putnici/.
• Chalupecký, I. (2006). Mariánska hora v Levoči [Marian hill in Levoča]. SSV.
• Čičo, M., Kalinová, M., & Paulusová, S. (2002). Kalvárie a krížové cesty na Slovensku [Calvary and Stations of the Cross in Slovakia]. Vydavateľstvo Lúč.
• Diecézne múzeum. (2022, January 24). Diecézne múzeum Nitra [Diocesan Museum of Nitra ]. https://www.muzeum.sk/diecezne-muzeum-nitra.html.
• Dlugoš, F. (2000). Dejiny Mariánskej hory v Levoči. [History of Marian hill in Levoča]. Polypress.
• Dlugoš, F. (2003). Prenasledovanie veriacich Spišskej diecézy v rokoch 1948-1949. [Persecution of believers of the Spiš diocese in the years 1948-1949]. Nadácia Kňazského seminára biskupa Jána Vojtaššáka.
• Dlugoš, F. (2008). Mariánska Levoča a jej osobnosti medzi svätyňami Európy. [Marian Levoča and its personalities among the sanctuaries of Europe]. Vydavateľstvo MTM.
• Dlugoš, F. (2010). História Mariánskej hory v Levoči (1247–2010). [History of the Marian Hill in Levoča (1247–2010)]. Vydavateľstvo MTM.
• Egeria, I. (2006). Púť do Svätej zeme [Pilgrimage to the Holy Land]. Itinerarium Egeriae.
• Gavenda, M. (Ed.). (2011). Blahoslavený Ján Pavol II. Odkaz Slovensku [Blessed John Paul II. Link to Slovakia]. LÚČ.
• Gilles, E. A. (1994). Lidé víry. Příbeh středověké církve. [People of faith. The story of the medieval church]. Portál.
• Gordini, D. G. (Ed.). (1995). Storia della Chiesa. Dalla pace Constantina all morte di Teodosio. San Paolo.
• Hlad, Ľ. (2016). Cirkev v postmoderne. Náčrt katolíckej ekleziológie [Church in the postmodern. Sketch of Catholic ecclesiology]. VŠAPs.
• Hlad, Ľ. (2021a). Co-redemption as the Essence of the Mariology of Pavol M. Hnilica as Inspired by the Messages of Fatima Pavia M. Hnilicu. Studia Theologica, 23(2), 125-150.
• Hlad, Ľ. (2021b). Homily of Monsignor Viliam Judak for Sts. Cyril and Methodius Pilgrimage Spoken on 5 July 2020 in Nitra and Its Contribution to the Development of Cyrillo-Methodian Tradition. Constantines Letters, 14(2), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2021.14.2.176-190.
• Heriban, J. (2007). Úvody k jednotlivým spisom. Deuteronómium. Sväté písmo [Introductions to individual files. Deuteronomium. Holy Bible]. Spolok svätého Vojtecha.
• Hetényi, M., & Ivanič, P. (2018). The Role of Cyrillo-Methodian Cult in the Slovak National Revival in the Context of Contacts with the Eastern Slavs. Bylye Gody, 47(1), pp. 70-78.
• Jaworska-Woloszyn, M., & Klementowicz, M. (2020). Historical Traces of the Methodian Mission in Poland. Constantines Letters, 13(2), 43-51. https://doi.org/ 10.17846/CL.2020.13.2.43-51.
• Judák, V. (2020). Mariánske baziliky rímskokatolíckej cirkvi na Slovensku. Bohorodička v kultúrnych dejinách Slovenska: slziaci klokočovský obraz Patrónky Zemplína. [Marian Basilica of the Roman Catholic Church in Slovakia. The Mother of God in the Cultural History of Slovakia: The Tearful Klokočov Painting of Zemplin Patronage]. CMBF UK.
• Judák, V., & Poláčik, Š. (2009). Katalóg patrocínií na Slovensku. [Catalog of patronages in Slovakia]. CMBF UK.
• Kocev, P., Kondrla, P., Králik, R., & Roubalová, M. (2017). Sv. Kliment Ochridský a jeho pôsobenie v Macedónsku. [St. Clement of Ohrid and his activities in Macedonia]. Konštantínovelisty, 10(2), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2017.10.2.88-97.
• Kondrla, P., & Králik, R. (2016). Špecifiká misie solúnskych bratov a ich aktualizačný poteciál. [The specifics of mission of the thessalonian brothers and the potential for their actualization]. Konštantínove listy, 9(2), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2016.9.2.90-97.
• Krogmann, A., Kramáreková, H., & Petrikovičová, L. (2020). Religiózny cestovný ruch v Nitrianskej diecéze. [Religious tourism in the Nitra diocese]. UKF v Nitre.
• Krogmann, A. (2007). Religiózny cestovný ruch v Nitrianskom kraji. [Religious tourism in the Nitra region]. UKF v Nitre.
• Krogmann, A., Nemčíková, M., Oremusová, D., Ambrósio, V., & Mróz, F. (2017). Religiozita a jej reflexia v cestovnom ruchu na Slovensku. [Religiosity and its reflection in tourism in Slovakia]. Konštantínove listy, 10(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2017.10.2.178-190.
• Lacika, I., & Fiala, A. (2001). Putovanie za Máriou. Európske pútnické miesta [Wandering for Maria. European places of pilgrimage]. CMBF UK.
• Letz, R. (2014). Sedembolestná Panna Mária v slovenských dejinách [The Virgin Mary of the Seven Sorrows in Slovak history]. PostScriptum.
• Macák, E. (2004). Naša Sedembolestná Matka. Dejiny Šaštína [Our Seven Sorrowful Mother. History of Šaštín]. Don Bosco.
• Matlovičová, K., Klamár, R., & Mika, M. (2015). Turistika a jej formy. [Tourism and its forms]. Prešovská univerzita v Prešove.
• Maturkanič, P., Tomanová Čergeťová, I., Majda, P., Thurzo, V., & Kondrla, P. (2022). Perception of the personality of Jesus Christ and its influence on the Stroeuropean man of the 21st century. Comparative studies between the population of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Acta Missiologica, 16(1), 107-125.
• Maturkanič, P., Tomanová Čergeťová, I., Kondrla, P., Kurilenko, V., & Martin, J. G. (2021). Homo culturalis versus cultura animi. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(2), 51-58.
• Maturkanič, P., Tomanová Čergeťová, I., & Přibylová, D. (2022). Cyrillo-Methodian Tradition in Czech Society in the 21st Century. Constantines Letters, 15(1), 45-54. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2022.15.1.161-176.
• Mróz, F., Mróz, L., & Krogmann, A. (2019). Factors conditioning the creation and development of a network of Camino de Santiago Routes in Visegrad Group countries. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 7(5), 56–71.
• Murgaš, F., Petrovič, F., Maturkanič, P., & Kralik, R. (2022). Happiness or Quality of Life? Or Both? Journal of Education Culture and Society, 13(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.1.17.36.
• Ohler, N. (2000). Náboženské poutě ve stredověku a novověku. [Religious pilgrimages in the Middle Ages and the Modern Age]. Vyšehrad.
• Pavlíková, M., & Žalec, B. (2019). Struggle for the human self and authenticity: Kierkegaard’s critique of the public, established order, media, and false Christianity. Bogoslovni vestnik, 79(4),1015-1026.
• Piatrová, A. (Ed.). (2010). Pútnické miesta Slovenska. Sprievodca. [Pilgrimage places in Slovakia. Guide]. FF TU.
• Poláčik Š., & Judák V. eds. (2005). Atlas Katolíckej cirkvi na Slovensku. [Atlas of the Catholic Church in Slovakia]. Rímskokatolícka cyrilometodská bohoslovecká fakulta Univerzity Komenského.
• Pusztai, B. (2004). Religious tourists. Department of History and Ethnology.
• Pútnické miesta. (2022, January 24). Gréckokatolícke eparchie [Greek Catholic eparchy]. https://www.putnickemiesta.sk/putnicke-miesta-na-slovensku/greckokatolicke-eparchie/litava-2/.
• Rinschede, G., (1992). Forms of Religious Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(92)90106-Y.
• Shimko, E. (2021). Corpus Linguistics as a Research Method of Cyril’s and Methodius’s Cultural Heritage. Constantines Letters, 14(1), 184-193. https://doi.org/ 10.17846/CL.2021.14.1.184-193.
• Staré Hory. (2022, January 24). Farnosť Staré Hory [Parish Staré Hory]. http://www.farnoststarehory.sk/pute-2022.html.
• Vragaš, Š. (Ed.) (2006). Teologický a náboženský slovník. I. diel. [Theological and religious dictionary]. A–K. SSV.
• Žalec, B., & Pavlíková, M. (2019). Religious tolerance and intolerance. European Journal of Science and Theology, 15(5), 39-48.

Identifiers

DOI

10.15503/jecs2022.2.615.630

Biblioteka Nauki

18105045