Between Moscow and Washington: information influences on early dialogue with NATO in Poland and Ukraine (1991–1994)

• Authors: Kyrylo Mieliekiestsev

Abstracts

EN

The research covers the early years of Ukraine’s and Poland’s cooperation in their bilateral relations in the context of building up security policies between the NATO and the CSTO in 1991–1994. Various information influences from state and non-state actors, internal and external, made it so the processes of the search for security guarantees ended up quite different between the two neighboring countries. Covering sources and literature that provide evidence for influences from sources such as the Kremlin, the non-lustrated “old guard” former Communist party functionaries in Ukraine, and the former opposition in Poland, the research shows how the two countries’ relations with the NATO differed, and why, though both countries joined the Partnership for Peace program at roughly the same time, Poland managed to start active Euro-Atlantic integration much earlier than Ukraine did. Using sources such as the text of the treaties, the establishing documents and legislature guidebooks of organization, public writings of diplomats and former policy makers, the research shows what exactly were the risks that the NATO assessed in the joining of former Eastern Bloc countries (with the unstated reasons for the small number of contacts of those countries with NATO in the 1991–1994 relevant to the West’s suspicion of post-Soviet intelligence and military), and which points of the first Ukraine-NATO proved “too much” for the former. Furthermore, Ukraine’s early success with the number of NATO exercises it partook in during the first years of the Partnership for Peace became an example to other Eastern Europe countries seeking better relations with NATO and defense sector reforms, including the Republic of Poland. The paper also highlights the tendencies of cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland in the context of NATO enlargement and the various aspects of Atlantic integration. The most important among them was cooperation in security and defense, both bilateral and within the framework of the NATO Partnership for Peace Program.

Keywords

EN

Foreign influence; information influences; information policy; information warfare; NATO; Republic of Poland; Ukraine

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
• Year: 2023
• Issue: 9(2)
• Pages: 19-26

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Kyrylo Mieliekiestsev

• Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University

• https://orcid.org/0000000349319576

References

• Boryniak O., Valiak M., Hurak I. (eds.) (2013). Razom chy okremo? 20 rokiv polsko-ukrainskykh vidnosyn: monohrafiia [Together or separately? 20 years of Polish-Ukrainian relations: a monograph]. Publishing house of Vasyl Stefanyk Prykarpattia National University [in Ukrainian].
• Buch G. (1991). Kto jest wrogiem?: pośpiech Polski w drodze do NATO jest calkowicie zrozumialy [Who is the enemy?: Poland’s haste on the way to NATO is completely understandable]. Polityka [Politics], 43, p. 1–18 [in Polish].
• Buhlai N. (2016). Vstup Polshchi do NATO: realizatsiia yevroatlantychnoho vyboru [Poland’s entry into NATO: implementation of the Euro-Atlantic choice]. Ukraina- Ievropa-Svit. Mizhnarodnyi zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Seriia: Istoriia, mizhnarodni vidnosyny [Ukraine-Europe- World. International collection of scientific works. Series:: History, international relations], 17, p. 157–165 [in Ukrainian].
• Bzhezinskyi Z. (1998). Ukraina − Polshcha: rol ta mistse v yevropeiskii intehratsii [Ukraine − Poland: role and place in European integration]. Nezalezhnyi kulturolohichnyi chasopys “Ï” [Independent culturological journal “Ï”], 14. http://www.ji.lviv.ua/n14texts/brzez-st.htm [in Ukrainian].
• Chorna N.M. (2007). Normatyvno-pravove zabezpechennia intehratsii Polshchi u yevropeiski ta yevroatlantychni struktury [Normative and legal support of Poland’s integration into European and Euro-Atlantic structures]. Naukovi zapysky Vinnytskoho derzhavnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Mykhaila Kotsiubynskoho. Seriia: Istoriia [Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyi Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University research notes. Series: History]. VDPU im. M. Kotsiubynskoho, 12, p. 306–314 [in Ukrainian].
• Draus J. (2010). Doslidzhennia polsko-ukrainskykh stosunkiv u 1991–2008 rokakh: narys problematyky [Research of Polish-Ukrainian relations in 1991-2008: essay on the issue]. Chornomorskyi litopys. Naukovyi zhurnal [Black Sea Chronicle. Scientific journal]. Issue 1. p. 32– 41 [in Ukrainian].
• Drozd J. (1994). Status militarny obszaru byłej NRD a polska polityka zbliżenia z NATO [The military status of the former GDR area and the Polish policy of rapprochement with NATO]. Sprawy Międzynarodowe [International relations], 2, p. 109–116 [in Polish].
• Dylonhova H. (2007). Istoriia Polshchi 1795–1990 [History of Poland 1795–1990] Ed. house «Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia».
• Dzvinchuk D.I. (ed.). (2012). Pivnichnoatlantychnyi alians: istoriia, funktsii, struktura, vidnosyny z Ukrainoiu [The North Atlantic Alliance: history, functions, structure, relations with Ukraine]. Misto NV [in Ukrainian].
• Fedorowicz K. (2011). Polityka Polski wobec Rosji, Ukrainy i Bialorusi w latach 1989-2010 [Poland’s policy towards Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in 1989-2010]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im Adama Mickiewicza [in Polish].
• Kozakevych Ye. (1999). Rozshyrennia NATO ta yevropeiska polityka Ukrainy [NATO expansion and Ukraine’s European policy]. Politychna dumka [Political thought], 1–2, p. 86–100 [in Ukrainian].
• Lipkevych S.Ya. (2008). Pravovi aspekty spivrobitnytstva Ukrainy z NATO [Legal pecularities of Ukraine-NATO cooperation]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu «Lvivska politekhnika» [Bulletin of the Lviv Polytechnic National University], 634: Derzhava ta armiia [State and army], p. 163–172 [in Ukrainian].
• Mieliekiestsev K. (2018). Tendentsii spivrobitnytstva Ukrainy ta Respubliky Polshcha v konteksti atlantychnoi intehratsii [The tendencies of cooperation between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland in the context of Atlantic integration]. Economic and law paradigm of modern society, 2, p. 117–121 [in Ukrainian].
• Mieliekiestsev K. (2018). The allies and foes of Ukraine on the path to Atlantic integration. Topical Issues of Humanities, Technical and Natural Sciences, 3, p. 92–96 [in English].
• Naboka M., Zhavornkov H. (2018). Mify pro NATO, yaki poshyriuie rosiiska propahanda [Myths about NATO, which are spread by Russian propaganda]. Radio Svoboda. https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/29128460.html [in Ukrainian].
• NATO: dovidnyk [NATO Handbook] (2001). NATO. Office of Information and Press. https://www.nato.int/docu/other/ukr/handbook/2001/pdf/handbook.pdf [in Ukrainian].
• Nowakowski J. (1991). Polska polityka wschodnia w 1991 roku [Polish eastern policy in 1991]. Rocznik Polskiej Polityki Zagranicznej [Yearbook of Polish Foreign Policy], p. 77–87 [in Polish].
• Onyszkiewicz J. (1992). Kilka uwag о probleme bezpieczenstwa Polski [A few comments on Poland’s security problems]. Polska w Europie [Poland in Europe], p. 27–36 [in Polish].
• Perepelytsia G.M. (2001). Vstup do NATO yak rezultat yevroatlantychnoho vyboru Ukrainy [Joining NATO as a result of Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic choice]. Ekonomichnyi chasopys-XXI [Economic journal-XXI], 6, p. 19–22 [in Ukrainian].
• Skubiszewski K. (1991). Polska i Sojusz Północnoatlantycki w latach 1989–1991 [Poland and the North Atlantic Alliance in 1989–1991]. Sprawy Miedzynarodowe [International relations], 1, p. 9–50 [in Polish].
• Todorov I. (2014). Istorychni, heopolitychni ta politykopravovi zasady spivrobitnytstva Ukrainy ta NATO [Historical, geopolitical and political and legal foundations of cooperation between Ukraine and NATO]. Nezalezhnyi kulturolohichnyi chasopys “Ï” [Independent culturological journal “Ï”], 77. http://www.ji.lviv.ua/n77texts/Zasady_spivrobitnyctva.htm [in Ukrainian].
• Todorov I. Ya. (2006). Ukraina na shliakhu do yevropeiskoi ta yevroatlantychnoi spilnoty: monohrafiia [Ukraine on the way to the European and Euro-Atlantic community: monograph]. DonNU.
• Todorov I. Ya. (2013). Rehionalnyi vymir initsiatyvy YeS «Skhidne partnerstvo» v Ukraini [The regional dimension of the EU initiative “Eastern Partnership” in Ukraine]. Chornomorskyi litopys [Black Sea Chronicle], 8, p. 38–42 [in Ukrainian].
• Trofymovych V. (2010). Politychni vidnosyny Ukrainy ta Respubliky Polshcha [Political relations of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland]. Naukovi zapysky “Transkordonne spivrobitnytstvo u konteksti perspektyv yevropeiskoi intehratsii Ukrainy”. Seriia “Politychni nauky” [Scientific notes “Cross-border cooperation in the context of prospects for the European integration of Ukraine”. “Political Sciences” series.], 4, p. 121−133 [in Ukrainian].
• Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (n.d.) Partnerstvo zarady myru (Zaproshennia) [Partnership for Peace (Invitation)]. Retrieved October 29, 2023 from http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/950_015/conv [in Ukrainian].
• Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (n.d.) Pro Osnovni napriamy zovnishnoi polityky Ukrainy [About the Main Directions of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy]. Retrieved October 29, 2023 from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3360-12 [in Ukrainian].
• Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (n.d.) Uhoda mizh Ministerstvom oborony Ukrainy ta Ministerstvom natsionalnoi oborony Respubliky Polshcha pro viiskove spivrobitnytstvo [Agreement between the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of Poland on military cooperation]. Retrieved October 29, 2023 from http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/616_191/conv [in Ukrainian].
• Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (n.d.) Uhoda pro bezpeku mizh Uriadom Ukrainy i Orhanizatsiieiu Pivnichnoatlantychnoho Dohovoru [Security Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization]. Retrieved October 29, 2023 from http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/950_002/conv [in Ukrainian].
• Wizimirska B. (1991). Polska polityka zagraniczna [Polish foreign policy]. Rocznik Polskiej Polityki Zagranicznej [Yearbook of Polish Foreign Policy], p. 8–12 [in Polish].
• Zlenko A. (2009). Neitralitet chy pozablokovist: chy tse v interesakh Ukrainy? [Neutrality or non-alignment: is it in the interests of Ukraine?] Viche, 8, p. 12–13 [in Ukrainian].
• Zlenko A. (2010). Pereosmysliuiuchy zovnishniu polityku Ukrainy: vazhkyi shliakh dlia dosiahnennia konsensusu [Rethinking the foreign policy of Ukraine: a difficult path to achieve consensus]. Den [Day], 6 [in Ukrainian].

Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/PPUSI.2023.02.02

Biblioteka Nauki

29519687