Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Journal

2023 | XXVII | 31-54

Article title

Transactionalism in India’s Foreign Policy, Case Study: India-European Union Relations

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the dominant role of transactional drivers in India’s foreign policy towards the European Union (EU). The article hypothesizes that India is trying to use its relationship with the EU in primarily transactional ways to achieve its own foreign and economic policy goals rather than to advance shared norms and values as democratic powers. Those goals include (i) leveraging its global image and reputation as a trusted and credible international partner, (ii) gaining greater regional and global influence, (iii) attracting foreign investment and boosting Indian exports. The article begins by explaining the concept of transactionalism in foreign policies. Secondly, it identifies the main drivers of India-EU relations with a special focus on (i) the concept of non-alignment and strategic autonomy in India’s foreign policy, (ii) common norms and values shared by India and the EU, (iii) economic cooperation between India and the EU. Thirdly, it assesses the transactional dimensions of the drivers of Indian foreign policy toward the EU discussed in the preceding sections. Finally, it evaluates the significance of India’s attempts to use its relations with the EU to achieve its own foreign and economic policy goals, including with respect to the implications for the EU’s efforts to project itself as a normative power in relations with India.

Keywords

Journal

Year

Issue

Pages

31-54

Physical description

Dates

published
2023

Contributors

References

  • Al Jazeera (2022). COP27: Are India’s climate pledges a lot of hot air? https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/18/india-modi-and-the-environment
  • Bashirov G., Yilmaz I. (2020). The rise of transactionalism in international relations: evidence from Turkey’s relations with the European Union. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 74(2), 165–184.
  • Bilateral Defence Cooperation. https://india.diplo.de/in-en/themen/defencecooperation/2076064
  • Borrell J. (2006). Giving Substance to EU-India Relations. The EurAsia Bulletin, September-October.
  • Britsch F. (2014). Indian Views of Europe’s Role as Security Actor. Why the EU Needs to Change its Approach towards India, Perspective. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/10717.pdf
  • Buraga M.B. (2022). Strategising’ the India-EU Partnership, Strategic Analysis, 46(6), 614–630.
  • Carteny A., Tosti Di Stefano E. (2023). The EU and the Indo-Pacific: The Path Towards a Comprehensive Strategy. In B. Kratiuk, J. Van den Bosch, A. Jaskólska, Y. Sato (Eds.), Handbook of Indo-Pacific Studies. Routledge.
  • Duran D. (2007). The EU–India strategic partnership, Article 2222. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. http://www.ipcs.org/article/india-the-world/theeu-indiastrategic-partnership-whats-new-2222.html
  • EIU Democracy Index. https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2022/
  • EU-India Strategic Partnership (2022). Factsheet. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/EU-INDIA_Factsheet_2022-04.pdf
  • European Commission (1994). Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and the Republic of India. Official Journal of the European Communities, 24–34.
  • European Commission (2004). An EU-India Strategic Partnership. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A52004DC0430
  • European Council (2003). European Security Strategy: a secure Europe in a better world. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/publications/european-security-strategy-secure-europe-better-world/
  • German government adopts guidelines for the Indo-Pacific region. https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/indo-pacific-1781916
  • Godement F. (Ed.) (2015). What does India think? European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
  • Grant C. (2008). Four Pillars of EU-India Relationship. Centre for European Reform, Bulletin 6.
  • Grare F. (2020). France, the Other Indo-Pacific Power. Observer Research Foundation. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/21/france-other-indo-pacific-power-pub-83000
  • Grevi G., Khandekar G. (2011). Mapping EU Strategic Partnerships. FRIDE. Madrid.
  • Ikenberry J. (2017). The Plot Against American Foreign Policy: Can the Liberal Order Survive. Foreign Affairs, 96(3), 156–178.
  • Indo-Pacific: Council adopts conclusions on EU strategy for cooperation; Council of the EU Press release 19 April 2021. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/04/19/indo-pacific-council-adopts-conclusionson-eu-strategy-for-cooperation/
  • Indo-Pacific: Guidelines for strengthening Dutch and EU cooperation with partners in Asia. https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2020/11/13/indo-pacific-guidelines
  • Jaffrelot C. (2008). Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu, Does Europe matter to India? In T. Tardy (Ed.) European Security in a Global Context. Routledge.
  • Jain R.K. (2008). India-EU Strategic Partnership. Economic Papers, Warsaw School of Economics, Institute for International Studies, 43, 81–90.
  • Jaishankar S. (2019). External Affairs Minister’s Speech at the 4th Ramnath Goenka Lecture. Ministry of External Affairs of India. https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/32038/External+Affairs+Ministers+speech+at+the+4th+Ramnath+Goenka+Lecture+2019
  • Jaishankar S. (2020). The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World. Harper Collins.
  • Jaskólska A. (2023a). India’s response to COVID-19 – soft power perspective. In C. Ogden (ed.), Global India (pp. 226–242). Routledge.
  • Jaskólska A. (2023b). How many more new beginnings in India-European Union cooperation? In E. Pankaj (ed.), Building the Future of EU-India Strategic Partnership: Between Trade, Technology, Security and China, pp. 52–57. Organisation for Research on China and Asia (ORCA) and Women’s Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry’s (WICCI) India-EU Business Council.
  • Joint communication on the Indo-Pacific. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_4709
  • Kavalski E. (2007). Partnership or Rivalry between the EU, China and India in Central Asia: The Normative Power of Regional Actors with Global Aspirations. European Law Journal, 6, 839–856.
  • Kavalski E. (2013). The struggle for recognition of normative powers: normative power Europe and normative power China in context. Cooperation and Conflict, 48(2), 247–267.
  • Khandekar G. (2011). The EU and India: a loveless arranged marriage, FRIDE Policy Brief, 90.
  • Kugiel P. (2023). Znaczenie i perspektywy zawarcia umowy o wolnym handlu UE-Indie, Biuletyn PISM, 2685(64). https://www.pism.pl/publikacje/znaczenie-i-perspektywy-zawarcia-umowy-o-wolnym-handlu-ue-indie
  • Lisbonne-de Vergeron K. (2006). Contemporary Indian views of Europe. Chatham House.
  • Ministry of Eternal Affairs (2018). Prime Minister’s Keynote Address at Shangri La Dialogue. https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/29943/Prime+Ministers+Keynote+Address+at+Shangri+La+Dialogue+June+01+2018
  • Mohan R. (Ed.) (2018). India Transformed: Twenty-Five Years of Economic Reforms. Brookings Institution Press, 2018.
  • Mukherjee R., Malone D.M. (2011). From High Ground to High Table: The Evolution of Indian Multilateralism. Global Governance, 17(3), 311–329.
  • Navarra C. (2020). Assessing the potential impact of an EU-India trade agreement. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_STU(2020)642841
  • Nye J.S. (2019). The Rise and Fall of American Hegemony from Wilson to Trump. International Affairs, 95(1), 70.
  • Nye J.S. (2020). Trump’s Transactional Myopia. Analysis & Opinions – Project Syndicate. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/trumps-transactional-myopia
  • Observe Research Foundation (ORF) (2020, July 2020). India-EU Summit 2020: Partners for a 21st century rules-based order. https://www.orfonline.org/expertspeak/india-eu-summit-2020-partners-for-a-21st-century-rules-based-order/
  • Orby J. (2008). Europe’s global role: external policies of the European Union. Ashgate.
  • Pant H.V. (2018), Together in an uncertain world, The Hindu, https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/together-in-an-uncertain-world/article25637457.ece.
  • Payne R. (2017). Trump and American Foreign Policy; A Threat to Peace and Prosperity, Prepared for the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association. Baltimore.
  • Prasad J., Khasru S.M., Jaskólska A, Tourangbam M. (2023). Building G7-G20 Synergy for a Multipolar World, Task Force 7: Towards Reformed Multilateralism: Transforming Global Institutions and Frameworks. Observer Research Foundation (ORF). https://www.orfonline.org/research/building-g7-g20-synergy-for-a-multipolar-world/?
  • Renard T. (2011). The treachery of strategies: A call for true EU strategic partnerships. Egmont Paper, 45.
  • Sankaran J. (2023). State or soldier? Explaining China’s decision making in India-China border crises. Journal of Strategic Studies. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402390.2023.2212133
  • Second India-EU Maritime Security Dialogue. https://www.mea.gov.in/pressreleases.htm?dtl/34781/Second+IndiaEU+Maritime+Security+Dialogue
  • Singh K. (2022). India, EU to hold talks on FTA in June, set 2023–2024 target. The Indian Express, New Delhi.
  • Singh M. (2006). Statement at the press conference at the 7th India–EU Summit 2006. Government of India Brief. https://archivepmo.nic.in/drmanmohansingh/speech-details.php?nodeid=410
  • Srichandan S.P. (2021). India-EU Strategic Partnership: in Search of a New Meaning. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 25(2), 24–39.
  • Stahl A. (2021). What will the EU’s Indo-Pacific Strategy deliver? Policy Position. https://www.delorscentre.eu/en/publications/detail/publication/indo-pacific-strategy
  • Stokes D. (2018). Trump, American Hegemony and the Future of the Liberal International Order. International Affairs, 94(1), 133–150.
  • The Economist, (2023a). Can the West win over the rest? https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/04/13/can-the-west-win-over-the-rest
  • The Economist, (2023b). How to survive a superpower split. https://www.economist.com/international/2023/04/11/how-to-survive-a-superpower-split
  • The Wire (2022). Europe Has to Grow Out of Mindset That Its Problems Are World’s Problems’: Jaishankar. https://thewire.in/government/europe-has-togrow-out-of-mindset-that-its-problems-are-worlds-problems-jaishankar
  • Tourangbam M. (2023). The Lure and Pitfalls of India’s Multi – alignment Strategy in a Multipolar World. In D. McLain Gill & K. Vinay Kumar (Eds.), The Elephant’s Rise in the East (pp. 15–31). Adroit.
  • Vivekanandan B. (1997). India and Europe in the 1990s. In K.R. Pillali (ed.), Indian Foreign Policy in the 1990s (pp. 61–70). Sangam Books.
  • von der Leyen U. (2022). Speech by President von der Leyen at the Raisina Dialogue. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_22_2647
  • von Muenchow-Pohl B (2012). India and Europe in a Multipolar World. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, South Asia. https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/05/10/india-and-europe-in-multipolar-world-pub-48038
  • Wagner C. (2006). India moves into the spotlight. Deutschland Online. http://www.magazine-deutschland.de/magazin/OZ-India_6–06_ENG_E4.php
  • Zajączkowski J. (2021). The United States in India’s Strategy in the Indo-Pacific Region Since 2014. Polish Political Science Yearbook, 50(4), 1–23.
  • Zenko M. R. (2017). Trump is Going to Regret not Having a Grand Strategy. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/01/13/trump-is-going-to-regret-not-having-a-grand-strategy/
  • Zenko M. R. (2020). This Is What America Looks Like Without Grand Strategy. Foreign Policy, Argument. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/18/this-iswhat-america-looks-like-without-grand-strategy/
  • Zoellick R. (2017). The Conflict at the Heart of Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/896ff946–868e-11e7–8bb1–5ba57d47eff7

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
31343153

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_15804_ap2023_1_02
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.