International City Organizations : Middleman in Policy Transfer or Independent Policy Actor?

• Authors: Agnieszka Szpak , Robert Gawłowski , Joanna Modrzyńska , Paweł Modrzyński

Title variants

PL

Międzynarodowe sieci miast: kreator czy pośrednik w transferze polityk publicznych?

Abstracts

PL

W ciągu ostatnich dziesięcioleci ludzkość doświadczyła bezprecedensowej ekspansji globalizacji. Pod tym względem proces transferu polityki stał się narzędziem wymiany pomysłów, polityk i rozwiązań administracyjnych, głównie między państwami i organizacjami międzyrządowymi. Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie transferu polityki pod kątem sieci miast. W ramach tegoż transferu autorzy zidentyfikowali i zbadali prawie 70 istniejących na świecie sieci miast. Wykorzystując ramy teoretyczne wypracowane przez Dolowitza i Marsha (2000), autorzy zbadali obszary współpracy miast oraz tematykę tej współpracy.

EN

During the last decades, mankind has experienced unprecedented expansion of globalization. In this respect, the process of policy transfer has emerged as a tool of exchanging ideas, policies and administrative arrangements mostly among states and intergovernmental organizations. The aim of this article is to examine policy transfer in terms of city networks. In doing so, the authors have found and researched almost 70 existing city networks in the world. Using Dolowitz and Marsh’s 2000 framework, the authors have researched the areas in which cities co-operate and the subject matters of such cooperation

Keywords

EN

policy transfer; multi-level governance; international city networks

PL

transfer polityki; wielopoziomowe zarządzanie; międzynarodowe sieci miast

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 76
• Pages: 187-206

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Agnieszka Szpak

• Nicolaus Copernicus University

author

Robert Gawłowski

• WSB University in Toruń

author

Joanna Modrzyńska

• Nicolaus Copernicus University

author

Paweł Modrzyński

• Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology

References

• Barber, B.R. (2014).If Mayors Ruled the World: Dysfunctional Nations, Rising Cities. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Beermann, J. (2017). Urban Cooperation and Climate Governance: How German and Indian Cities Join Forces to Tackle Climate Change. Cham: Springer.
• Bennett, C.J. (1991a). How States Utilize Foreign Evidence. Journal of Public Policy, 11(1), 31–54. DOI: 10.1017/S0143814X0000492X.
• Bennett, C.J. (1991b). What Is Policy Convergence and What Causes It? British Journal of Political Science, 21(2), 215–233. DOI: 10.1017/S0007123400006116.
• Benson, D., & Jordan, A. (2011). What Have We Learned from Policy Transfer Research? Dolowitz and Marsh Revisited. Political Studies Review, 9(3), 366–378. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-9302.2011.00240.x.
• Betsill, M.M., & Bulkeley, H. (2004). Transnational Networks and Global Environmental Governance: The Cities for Climate Protection Program. International Studies Quarterly, 48(2), 471–493. DOI: 10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00310.x.
• Brenner, N., Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2010). Variegated Neoliberalization: Geographies, Modalities, Pathways. Global Networks, 10(2), 182–222. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471- 0374.2009.00277.x.
• Bulkeley, H., & Betsill, M.M. (2013). Revisiting the Urban Politics of Climate Change. Environmental Politics, 22(1), 136–154. DOI: 10.1080/09644016.2013.755797.
• Clifton, J., & Dìaz-Fuentes, D. (2014). The OECD and “The Rest”: Analyzing the Limits of Policy Transfer. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(3), 249–265. DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2013.877674.
• Davies, J., & Evans, M. (1998). Unpacking Policy Transfer Analysis: The Case of Local Agenda 21. York, UK: University of York.
• Dolowitz, D.P. (1997). British Employment Policy in the 1980s: Learning from the American Experience. Governance, 10(1), 23–42. DOI: 10.1111/0952-1895.271996027.
• Dolowitz, D.P. (1998). Learning from America: Policy Transfer and the Development of the British Workfare State. Brighton, UK: Sussex Academic Press.
• Dolowitz, D.P., & Marsh, D. (1996). Who Learns What from Whom: A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature. Political Studies, 44(2), 343–357. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467- 9248.1996.tb00334.x.
• Dolowitz, D.P, & Marsh, D. (2000). Learning from Abroad: The Role of Policy Transfer in Contemporary Policy-Making. Governance, 13(1), 5–23. DOI: 10.1111/0952- 1895.00121.
• Dolowitz, D.P, & Marsh, D. (2012). The Future of Policy Transfer Research. Political Studies Review, 10(3), 339–345. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-9302.2012.00274.x.
• Dunlop, C.A. (2009). Policy Transfer as Learning: Capturing Variation in What Decision-Makers Learn from Epistemic Communities. Policy Studies, 30(3), 289–311. DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863869.
• Ellison, N. (2017). Politics, Power and Policy Transfer. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 10(1), 8–24. DOI: 10.1080/17516234.2016.1258519.
• Evans, M. (2009). Policy Transfer in Critical Perspective. Policy Studies, 30(3), 243–268. DOI: 10.1080/01442870902863828.
• Evans, M. (Ed.). (2010). New Directions in the Study of Policy Transfer. London: Routledge.
• Evans, M. (2019). International Policy Transfer: Between the Global and Sovereign and between the Global and Local. In: D. Stone, & K. Moloney (Eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Global Policy and Transnational Administration (pp. 94–110). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758648.013.3.
• Frug, G.E., & Barron, D.J. (2006). International Local Government Law. The Urban Lawyer, 38(1), 1–63.
• Hambleton, R., & Taylor, M. (1994). Transatlantic Urban Policy Transfer. Policy Studies, 15(2), 4–18. DOI: 10.1080/01442879408423656.
• Heikkinen, M., Ylä-Anttila, T., & Juhola, S. (2019). Incremental, Reformistic or Transformational: What Kind of Change Do C40 Cities Advocate to Deal with Climate Change? Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(1), 90–103. DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473151.
• Lee, T. (2019). Network Comparison of Socialization, Learning and Collaboration in the C40 Cities Climate Group. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(1), 104–115. DOI: 10.1080/1523908X.2018.1433998.
• Legrand, T. (2012). The Merry Mandarins of Windsor: Policy Transfer and Transgovernmental Networks in the Anglosphere. Policy Studies, 33(6), 523–540. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.722290.
• Levi-Faur, D., & Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2006). New Public Policy, New Policy Transfers: Some Characteristics of a New Order in the Making.International Journal of Public Administration, 29(4–6), 247–262. DOI: 10.1080/01900690500437147.
• Marsden, G., Frick, K.T., May, A.D., & Deakin, E. (2011). How Do Cities Approach Policy Innovation and Policy Learning? A Study of 30 Policies in Northern Europe and North America. Transport Policy, 18(3), 501–512. DOI: 10.1016/j. tranpol.2010.10.006.
• Marsh, D., & Evans, M. (2012). Policy Transfer: Into the Future, Learning from the Past. Policy Studies, 33(6), 587–591. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.736796.
• Marsh, D., & McConnell, A. (2010). Towards a Framework for Establishing Policy Success. Public Administration, 88(2), 564–583. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2009.01803.x.
• Marsh, D., & Sharman, J.C. (2009). Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer. Policy Studies, 30(3), 269–288.
• Marshall, A. (2005). Europeanization at the Urban Level: Local Actors, Institutions and the Dynamics of Multi-Level Interaction. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(4), 668–686. DOI: 10.1080/13501760500160292.
• McCann, E., & Ward, K. (2013). A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Policy Transfer Research: Geographies, Assemblages, Mobilities and Mutations. Policy Studies, 34(1), 2–18. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.748563.
• Minkman, E., van Buuren, M.W., & Bekkers, V.J.J.M. (2018). Policy Transfer Routes: An Evidence-based Conceptual Model to Explain Policy Adoption. Policy Studies, 39(2), 222–250. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2018.1451503.
• Mutuku, B., Boerboom, L., & Madureira, A.M. (2019). The Role of Planning Support Systems in National Policy Transfer and Policy Translation in Secondary Cities.International Planning Studies, 24(3–4), 293–307. DOI: 10.1080/13563475.2019.1657809.
• Newmark, A.J. (2002). An Integrated Approach to Policy Transfer and Diffusion. Review of Policy Research, 19(2), 151–178. DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2002.tb00269.x.
• Nijman, J. (2011). The Future of the City and the International Law of the Future. In: S. Muller, S. Zouridis, M. Frishman, & L. Kistemaker (Eds.). Law of the Future and the Future of Law (pp. 213–229). Oslo: Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher.
• Page, E. (2000). Future Governance and the Literature on Policy Transfer and Lesson Drawing. Prepared for the ESRC Future Governance Programme Workshop on Policy Transfer. London: Brittania House.
• Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2010). Mobilizing Policy: Models, Methods, and Mutations. Geoforum, 41(2), 169–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.002.
• Roberts, A. (2017, June 3). Beyond the Globalism/Nationalism Divide: The Rise of Cities and Corporations Seeking International Obligations. Retrieved from: http://opiniojuris.org/2017/06/03/beyond-globalismnationalism-divide-rise-citiescorporations-seeking-international-obligations/.
• Robinson, J.D. (2019). The Politics of the (Global) Urban: City Strategies as Repeated Instances. In: S. Oosterlynck et al. (Eds.). The City as a Global Political Actor (pp. 100–131). London and New York: Routledge.
• Rose, R. (1991). What Is Lesson-Drawing? Journal of Public Policy, 11(1), 3–30. DOI: 10.1017/S0143814X00004918.
• Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (1988). Systematically Pinching Ideas: A Comparative Approach to Policy Design. Journal of Public Policy, 8(1), 61–80. DOI: 10.1017/ S0143814X00006851.
• Stone, D. (2000). Non-governmental Policy Transfer: The Strategies of Independent Policy Institutes. Governance, 13(1), 45–70. DOI: 10.1111/0952-1895.00123.
• Stone, D. (2004). Transfer Agents and Global Networks in the ‘Transnationalization’ of Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(3), 545–566. DOI: 10.1080/13501760410001694291.
• Stone, D. (2012). Transfer and Translation of Policy. Policy Studies, 33(6), 483–499. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2012.695933.
• Stone, D., Porto de Oliveira, O., & Pal, L.A. (2020). Transnational Policy Transfer: The Circulation of Ideas, Power and Development Models. Policy and Society, 39(1), 1–18. DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2019.1619325.
• Takao, Y. (2014). Policy Learning and Diffusion of Tokyo’s Metropolitan Cap-and-Trade: Making a Mandatory Reduction of Total CO2 Emissions Work at Local Scales. Policy Studies, 35(4), 319–338. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2013.875151.
• Timms, P. (2011). Urban Transport Policy Transfer: “Bottom-Up” and “Top-Down” Perspectives. Transport Policy, 18(3), 513–521. DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.10.009.
• Ward, K. (2019). Global-Urban Policymaking. In: S. Oosterlynck et al. (Eds.). The City as a Global Political Actor (pp. 86–99). London and New York: Routledge.
• Ward, S.V. (2007). Cross-National Learning in the Formation of British Planning Policies 1940–99: A Comparison of the Barlow, Buchanan and Rogers Reports. Town Planning Review, 78(3), 369–400.
• Westphal, J.D., Gulati, R., & Shortell, S. (1997). Customization or Conformity? An Institutional and Network Perspective on the Content and Consequences of TQM Adoption.Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 366–394. DOI: 10.2307/2393924.
• Wolman, H., & Page, E. (2002). Policy Transfer among Local Governments: An Information-Theory Approach. Governance, 15(4), 477–501. DOI: 10.1111/1468- 0491.00198.
• World Mayors Summit on Climate in Mexico. (2010). Mayors Push for Hope after Copenhagen. Retrieved from: http://old.iclei.org/index.php?id=2278.

Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/athena.2022.76.10

Biblioteka Nauki

2163359