Baza materialna wiejskich szkół powszechnych powiatu tarnowskego w II Rzeczypospolitej

• Authors: Edmund Juśko

Title variants

EN

The base material of folk schools in Tarnów Province in the II Polish Republic

Abstracts

EN

The base material of folk schools in Galicia did not secure needs of this type of education. The fact that the obligation to establish and maintain schools fell on the municipality and the local people effectively inhibited the development of education and meant that about 50% of children did not attend school and became illiterate. The situation of the folk housing schools in the district of Tarnów was similarly difficult as in other areas of Galicia. It was deteriorated by actions of World War I and the devastating behavior of both Russian and Austrian invading troops. School buildings were converted into barracks, warehouses, hospitals, losing its an original purpose. School buildings were old, often built back in the 80s of the nineteenth century. They were mostly small and the only chamber was dark and stuffy. Therefore, they did not meet the technical and sanitary requirements and were also often inadequate to the needs of the learning process. Sometimes the space for the purpose of teaching was rented from private individuals. Lack of funds meant it was cheap living room, but with enough space to accommodate a large group of students. Considerations of hygiene and sanitation such as the arrangement of windows, the brightness of classrooms, lack of moisture, air access were secondary issues. Classrooms’ equipment was mostly poor and accidental. At least three main furniture, a table for the teacher, different benches for students and a blackboard were constantly repeated. In the absence of the board, its function served a smooth wall or dense plane of raw boards. Teaching aids were rarity. They were made of wood, rarely of paper and cardboard. Thus one of the most important and difficult problem of general education after independence, both at the country and Tarnów became the issue of schools construction and equipping them with equipment and teaching aids. The size of school buildings was largely dependent on the number of children subjected to compulsory schooling and attended to schools. In many cases, these factors were not taken into account. The school buildings area was often accidental, dependent on the funds from the municipality and local community awareness about the need for school. The degree of this consciousness in many cases is still low despite the generous activity of teachers. Despite the generally better condition of housing in the county, it should be stressed that, as in the whole country and here the issue of the school building has not been resolved completely. Visible progress has been achieved through the efforts of educational authorities, support of local governments, more conscious parents and both teachers’ efforts and hard work, especially school administrators, who often even in a hopeless situation were able to find a solution of the problem.

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 17
• Pages: 259-279

Dates

published

2012

Contributors

author

Edmund Juśko

Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/ksm201217

Biblioteka Nauki

2036455