Ruchy ekstremistyczne i radykalizm w Australii na tle napięć między polityką wielokulturowości a dominacją kultury anglosaskiej

• Authors: Justyna Eska-Mikołajewska

Title variants

EN

Extremist movements and radicalism in Australia against the background of tensions between the policy of multiculturalism and the domination of Anglo-Saxon culture

RU

Экстремистские движения и радикализм в Австралии на фоне напряженности между политикой мультикультурализма и доминированием англо-саксонской культуры

Abstracts

RU

В мультикультурной Австралии каждый, независимо от языка, национальности или культуры, имеет право открыто выражать свое мнение. Тем не менее, несмотря на официальную приверженность к разнообразию, современное австралийское общество продолжает испытывать противоречия между политикой мультикультурности и доминированием англосаксонского культурного наследия. Правые политики описали мультикультурализм как предвестник социального конфликта, который может привести к этническому разделению Австралии. После событий 11 сентября 2001 г. были введены правила, расширяющие перечень инструментов, используемых полицией и правоохранительными органами для эффективного предотвращения актов насильственного экстремизма. Эти ограничения гражданских свобод используются ультраправыми движениями Австралии в качестве аргумента для подрыва доверия к «репрессивной» политике правительства. Пандемия Covid-19 и ее последствия также выявили негативные сдвиги в ландшафте жестокого австралийского экстремизма. Это поднимает вопрос о том, насколько серьезной может быть угроза национальной безопасности, когда австралийский национализм останется неконтролируемым, способным трансформироваться в расово и религиозно исключающие идеи принадлежности к обществу. В статье показано, что неспособность решительно отреагировать на продолжающийся подрыв доверия к демократическим институтам и использование трещин в социальной сплоченности может привести к тому, что Австралия больше не будет считаться защитником принципов либеральной демократии. Вместо этого она будет считаться «колониальным бастионом белых поселенцев» и такая слабая расовая репутация страны, несомненно, затруднит Австралии возможность сотрудничать во все более напряженной региональной геополитической среде в будущем.

EN

In multicultural Australia everyone, regardless of language, nationality or culture, has the right to express themselves openly. However, despite its official commitment to diversity, contemporary Australian society continues to experience tensions between multicultural politics and the domination of Anglo-Saxon cultural heritage. Right-wing politicians have described multiculturalism as a harbinger of a social conflict that would lead to an ethnically divided Australia. Following the events of September 11, 2001, some regulations were introduced to expand the catalog of tools used by the police and law enforcement agencies to effectively prevent acts of violent extremism. These restrictions on civil liberties are being used by Australian extreme-right movements as an argument to undermine confidence in the government’s “oppressive” policies. The Covid-19 pandemic and its effects has also revealed negative shifts in the landscape of brutal Australian extremism. This raises the question of how serious danger to the national security could an Australian nationalism be left unchecked, capable of transforming into racially and religiously excluding ideas of belonging to society. The paper shows that failure to react decisively to the continued undermining of trust in democratic institutions and exploiting the cracks in social cohesion may lead to Australia no longer being perceived as a defender of the principles of liberal democracy. Instead, it will come to be regarded as a „colonial bastion of white settlers,” and such a poor racial reputation of the country will undoubtedly make it difficult for Australia to navigate in an increasingly tense regional geopolitical environment in the future.

Keywords

EN

extremism; radicalism; nationalism; multiculturalism; Australia; national security

RU

экстремизм; радикализм; национализм; мультикультурализм; Австралия; национальная безопасность

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
• Year: 2022
• Issue: 3(34)
• Pages: 106-130

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Justyna Eska-Mikołajewska

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie

• https://orcid.org/0000000176812425

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Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/npw20223405

Biblioteka Nauki

2120015