Religious activity and expression of national identity of Ukrainians during the introduction of the new Soviet ritual: 1960’s–1970’s

• Authors: Nadia Kindrachuk

Title variants

RU

Религиозная деятельность и выражение национальной идентичности украинцев в период введения новой советской обрядности: 1960–1970-е гг.

Abstracts

RU

Партийные идеологи советского тоталитарного государства искусственно разрабатывали и активно внедряли в жизнь титульной нации УССР новую советскую обрядность, главной целью которой было воспитать из каждого украинца русифицированного человека советского типа без национальной идентичности. и религиозных убеждений, с русским сознанием, менталитетом и языком. В статье доказано, что исконные церковно-религиозные традиции и обычаи украинского народа продолжали оставаться частью повседневной культуры украинцев. Религиозная деятельность представителей украинского этноса особенно наблюдалась во время празднования Рождества, Крещения, Пасхи и других церковных праздников. И хотя количество приверженцев религиозных обрядов в республике было разным – от меньшего на Востоке до большего на Западе, христианские ценности, вопреки атеизации, продолжали оставаться основой духовной жизни абсолютного большинства украинцев.

EN

The party ideologues of the Soviet totalitarian state artificially developed and actively introduced into the life of the titular nation of the Ukrainian SSR a new Soviet ritualism, the main goal of which was to raise from every Ukrainian a Russified citizen of the Soviet type without national identity and religious beliefs, with a Russian consciousness, mentality and language. The article proves that the ancient church and religious traditions and customs of the Ukrainian people continued to be a part of the everyday culture of Ukrainians. The religious activity of representatives of the Ukrainian ethnic group was especially observed during the celebration of Christmas, Epiphany, Easter and other church holidays. And although the number of adherents of religious rites in the republic was different – from less in the East to more in the West, Christian values, despite atheism, continued to be the basis of the spiritual life of the absolute majority of Ukrainians.

Keywords

EN

Ukrainians; religious customs and traditions; church; national consciousness; totalitarian regime; atheism; Soviet power; new Soviet ritualism; denationalization

RU

украинцы; религиозные обычаи и традиции; церковь; национальное сознание; тоталитарный режим; атеизм; советская власть; денационализация; новая советская обрядность

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
• Year: 2023
• Issue: 3(38)
• Pages: 286-302

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Nadia Kindrachuk

• Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University

• https://orcid.org/0000000175050668

References

• Commission for the study and implementation of new public holidays and rites of the Ukrainian SSR. (1975). Recommendations for the «Funeral» rite. Kyiv: Reklama. 52 р.
• Commission for the study and implementation of new public holidays and rites of the Ukrainian SSR. (1976). Recommendations for the rites of «Marriage» and «Christening». Kyiv: Reklama. 138 р.
• Correspondence for 1969. January 1 – December 30. (1969). State Archives of Lviv region. Fund Р-1332. Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR for the Lviv Region. Description 2. Case 42. 274 s.
• Detailed note, references, information of the Ivano-Frankivsk city committee, party district committees, regional organizations on work on clarifying materials for the 50th anniversary of the formation of the USSR, prevention of illegal actions of Jehovists, Uniate martyrs, recruitment of young people to vocational and technical schools, medical public service and other issues. January 4 – October 2, 1973. (1973). State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Fund R-1-P. Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavsk) regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (until 1962 Stanislavsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine). Description 1. Case 3825. 41 p.
• Documents on the introduction of new Soviet rites and traditions into the daily life of the population of the Ukrainian SSR. (1978). Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine. Fund 2. Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, Kyiv. Description 14. Case 2649. 78 p.
• Information from Vinnytsia, Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattia, Zaporizhzhya, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Crimea, and Mykolaiv regional party councils on the implementation of the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine dated March 5, 1964 «On measures to strengthen scientific atheist education of the population in the republic». (1964). Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine. Fund 1. Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (1917–1991). Description 31. Case 2401. 210 p.
• Information in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine about party education, lectures, scientific and atheistic propaganda, press work, universities, cultural and educational work, friendly relations with the socialist republic of Romania and other issues. January 26, 1968 – January 8, 1969. (1968 – 1969). State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Fund R-1-P. Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavsk) regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (until 1962 Stanislavsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine). Description 1. Case 3303. 126 p.
• Information in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, detailed notes on ideological issues, on the 100th anniversary of the foundation of the state university, educational work among students of vocational technical schools. February 27 – November 13, 1975. (1975). State Archives of Chernivtsi region. Fund 1. Chernivtsi Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Description 35. Case 46. 35 p.
• Information, measures of regional committees of the LKSM of Ukraine on the implementation of the resolution of the Central Committee of the LKSM «On the tasks of the Komsomol organizations of the republic to strengthen atheist education of youth». (1970). Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine. Fund 7. Leninist Communist League of Youth of Ukraine, Kyiv. Description 20. Case 456. 168 p.
• Information, reports of LKSMU regional committees on the state of atheist education. (1971–1975). Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine. Fund 1. Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (1917–1991). Description 20. Case. 827. 123 p.
• Kaganov, Yu (2013). Soviet holidays and ceremonies in the context of ideological policy in Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century. Scientific works of the History Faculty of Zaporizhzhya National University: collection of scientific works. Zaporizhia: ZNU. 26. р. 186–194.
• Kindrachuk, N.M. (2015). Religious persecution of Ukrainians during the 60’s – 70’s of the XX century. Scientific notes of Ternopil National University named after Volodymyr Hnatyuk. Series: History. Ternopil: Publishing House of TNPU named after V. Hnatyuk. 2. 2. р. 52–55.
• Kindrachuk, N.M. (2016). Soviet rite as a means of implementing the policy of denationalization of Ukrainians in the Ukrainian SSR during the 1960’s and 1970’s. Scientific Bulletin of Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University. Series: Historical Sciences. Lutsk, 2016. 3 (328). р. 157–161.
• Materials for protocols No. 59 – 62, 1 – 2 of the meeting of the Bureau of the Regional Committee of the CP of Ukraine. January 3, 1966 – March 21, 1966. (1966). State Archives of Ternopil region. Fund P.-1. Ternopil Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Description 1. Case 3844. 180 p.
• Materials of regional committees of the Communist Party of Ukraine, ministries, departments and TV studios on radio and television issues. 2. Information of regional committees of the Communist Party of Ukraine on the implementation of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU dated January 29, 1960 and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine dated March 22, 1960 «On issues of improving the development of radio broadcasting and television». February 17 – December 31, 1960. (1960). Central State Archive of Public Associations of Ukraine. Fund. 1. Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (1917 – 1991). Description 70. Case 2447. 251 p.
• Materials on the state of atheistic work and the fight against sectarianism; certificates of the Commissioner for religious cults and the Orthodox Church under the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the Chernivtsi region. January 17, 1962 – December 24, 1962. (1962). State Archives of Chernivtsi region. Fund 1. Chernivtsi Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Description 22. Case 184. 147 p.
• Mikhalchuk, O. (2008). The attitude of the Soviet authorities towards the Orthodox Church in the 1960’s–1980’s. Actual problems of Ukrainian state formation: materials of the regional scientific conference (Lutsk, November 16–17, 2007). Lutsk. р. 141–149.
• Mikhalchuk, O. (2010). Volyn village: culture, education, religious life (1964 – 1985): dissertation of the candidate of historical sciences: 07.00.01. Lutsk. 242 p.
• Novytska, O.R. (2003). Ukrainian folk art of the 1920’s–1980’s: interpretation, evaluation, refutation: dissertation of a candidate of art history: 17.00.06. Lviv. 207 р.
• Pashininа, T.S. (2004). The youth movement in Ukraine in the second half of the 50’s – 80’s of the 20th century: dissertation of the candidate of historical sciences: 07.00.01. Kyiv. 223 р.
• Penkova, О.В. (2006). Traditions, holidays and rituals of the population of Eastern Ukraine in the 1960’s – mid-1980’s: state policy and everyday life: dissertation of the candidate of historical sciences: 07.00.01. Donetsk. 264 р.
• Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR. (1970). Resolution of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR dated December 24, 1969 «On the establishment of the Republican Commission for the Study and Implementation of New Civic Holidays and Rites». Information of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR. Kyiv. 1970 р. 3. р. 26.
• References and detailed notes on the activities of religious associations of the region and the introduction of new rites into the lives of working people. September 1 – September 16, 1969. (1969). State Archives of Chernivtsi region. Fund 1. Chernivtsi Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Description 22. Case 260. 79 p.
• References, information of the town committee, district committees of the party on the implementation of the resolutions of the bureau, the secretariat of the regional committee of the party on the work of party organizations of the Kremenets district on propaganda and studying the materials of the 25th Congress of the CPSU, on the detailed note of the department on limiting the harmful influence of the religious holiday «Easter», on the work of the Podvolochy party district committee on the implementation of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the tasks of party training in light of the decisions of the XXV Congress of the CPSU. January 21 – October 21, 1977. (1977). State Archives of Ternopil region. Fund P.-1. Ternopil Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Description 15. Case 47. 126 p.
• Reports of departments of the regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine on the implementation of resolutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU, of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine on issues of organizational and party, ideological work, work of general education schools. January 6, 1976 – December 28, 1976. (1976). State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Fund R-1-P. Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavsk) regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (until 1962 Stanislavsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine). Description 1. Case 4140. 135 p.
• Resolutions and decisions of the Kharkiv regional committee of the CP of Ukraine, regional executive committee, city executive committee. Copies. February 10 – November 19, 1971. (1971). State Archives of Kharkiv region. Fund R-5885. Taras Shevchenko Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theater. Description 6. Case 60. 91 p.
• The main editorial office for the preparation of the broadcast. Texts of radio broadcasts of the scientific-atheistic radio magazine «To the light». January 6 – December 1, 1978. (1978). State Archives of Ivano-Frankivsk region. Fund R-1918. Stanislavsk regional editorial office of the radio broadcasting of the executive committee of the regional Council of Workers’ Deputies. Description 2. Case 79. 183 p.
• Vovk, V.M. (2007). Life and leisure of the urban population of Ukraine in the 50 – 80’s of the twentieth century: dissertation of the candidate of historical sciences: 07.00.01. Kyiv. 222 p.

Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/npw20233813

Biblioteka Nauki

28408783