Further Validation of Spiritual Values Scale

• Authors: Fauzia Nazam , Akbar Husain

Abstracts

EN

Many positive behaviours of youth are related to their values. In the field of education value assessment is central. However value expression is often very ambiguous. Therefore in an attempt to measure values with more universal, global, and cross cultural perspectives, Nazam, Husain and Khan (2015) developed a spiritual values scale. The initial validation of the scale was based on item content analysis, item reliability, internal consistency, and exploration of the factorial structure of spiritual values. But values are subjected to change due to many factors. Therefore revalidation of the scale remains an important research consideration. The present study extends the initial validation of the scale by using structure equation modelling to revalidate the dimensionality and reliability of the spiritual values scale. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents. The results suggested that out of 27 items 4 items to measure spiritual values are ineffective. The scale with 23 items still remains a reliable and valid psychological tool to assess the spiritual values of adolescents.

Keywords

EN

values; spiritual; construct; convergent; validity; reliability

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
• Journal: The New Educational Review
• Year: 2020
• Volume: 61
• Pages: 199-210

Dates

published

2020

Contributors

author

Fauzia Nazam

• Aligarh Muslim University

author

Akbar Husain

• Aligarh Muslim University

References

• Al-Zyoud, M.S.N. (2009). The impact of globalization on Jordan society. Dirasat, Educational Sciences, 36(1), 174-184.
• Asghar, M.A., Rathore, F., &Siddiqui, D. (2019). The impact of religious practices and valueson academic achievement of students at senior secondary level. Journal of Education & Practice, 10(2), 38-43.
• Bagheri, F., Akbarizade, F., &Hatami, H. (2010). The relationship between nurses’ spiritual intelligence and happiness in Iran. Procedia Social Behaviour Sciences, 5, 1556-1561.
• Brown, T.A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Campbell, D.T., & Fiske, W.D. (1959).Convergent and divergent validity by multitrait-multi method matrix.Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.
• Cieciuch, J. (2011). Integration of Schwartz’s value theory and Scheler’s concept of values in research on the development of structures of values during adolescence. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 42(4), 205-219.
• Eskin, M. (2013). The effects of individualistic-collectivistic value orientations on nonfatal suicidal behavior and attitudes in Turkish adolescents and young adults. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54(6), 493-501.
• Fabrigar, L.R., MacCallum, R.C., Wegener, D.T., &Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research, Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272-299.
• Gefen, D., Straub, D., &Boudrean, M.C. (2000). Structure equation modelling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communication of the Association for Information System, 4(1), 1-44.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003).Reliability analysis. SPSS for Windows, step by step: a simple guide and reference (14t ed.) Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 222-232.
• George, I.N., &Uyanga, D. (2014). Youth and moral values in changing society. Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 19(6), 40-44.
• George, M. (2006).Practical application of spiritual intelligence in the workplace. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 3-5.
• Goodwin, R., Realo, A., Kwiatkowska, A., Kozlova, A., Nguyen, L.L.A., & Nizharadze, G. (2002).Values and sexual behavior in central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 45-56.
• Gregory, R.J. (2007). Psychology testing: History, principle, and applications (5t ed.), Boston: Ally & Bacon.
• Hancock G.R., & Muller, R.O. (2013). Structure equation modelling (2 ed.). Charolotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
• Hancock, G. R, & Freeman, M.J. (2001) Power and sample size for the RMSEA test of not close fit in structural equation modeling. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 61, 741-758.
• Hofer, M., Schmid, S., Fries, S., Zivkovic, I., & Dietz, F. (2009). Value orientations and studying in school-leisure conflict: A study with samples from five countries. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 101-112.
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Dublin Institute of Technology Articles, 6(1), 53-60.
• Hu, L.T., & Bentler, P.M. (1999).Cutoffcriteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
• Husain, A., Zehra, S., & Jahan, M. (2015). Standardization of employees spiritual values scale (ESVS). Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 321-322.
• Kacmar, K.M.,&Carsion, D.S. (1997). Further validation of the perception of politics scale (POPS): A multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management, 23(5), 627-658.
• King, D.B. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition, model, and measure. Unpublished master thesis. Ontario, Canada: Trent University.
• Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2ⁿd ed.). NewYork:Guilford Press.
• Knafo, A., Daniel, E., &KhouryKassabri, M. (2008).Values as protective factors against violent behavior in Jewish and Arab high schools in Israel.Child Development, 79(3), 652-667.
• Koscielniak, M., &Bojanowska, A. (2019).The role personal values and student achievement in academic dishonesty. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-7.
• Kyriazos, J. (2018). Applied psychometrics: Sample size and sample power considerations in factor analysis (EFA,CFA) and SEM in general. Psychology, 9, 2207-2230.
• Larcker, D.F. (1981).Evaluating structure equation model with unobservable variable and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
• Laxmi, C. (2009). Value education: An Indian perspective on the need of moral education in a time of rapid social change. Journal of College & Character, 10(3), 1-7.
• Medsker, G.J., Williams, L.J.,& Holohan, P.J. (1994).A review of current practices for evaluating causal models in organizational behavior and human resources management research. Journal of Management, 20, 439-464.
• Nazam, F., Husain, A., Khan, S.M. (2015).Manual of Spiritual Values Scale. India, Agra :National Psychological Corporation.
• Nisha, C., Anjali, M., & Sarita, S. (2016).A study on the impact of values on career decision making of adolescents. International Journal of Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 4(10), 395-398.
• Preacher, K.J., & Coffman, D.L. (2006). Computing power and minimum sample size for RMSEA [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org/
• Rigdon, E.E. (1996). CFI versus RMSEA: A comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(4), 369-379.
• Sahebalzamnai, M., Farahani, H., Abasi, R., &Talebi, M. (2013).The relationship between spiritual intelligence with psychological well-being. Iranian Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research, 18(1), 38-41.
• Steiger, J.H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modelling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-98.
• Taneri, P.O., Gao, S.J., & Johnson, S.R. (2016). Reasons for the deterioration of moral values: Cross cultural comparative analysis. International Academic Conference Proceedings. Boston, USA.
• Tarabashkina, L., &Lietz, P. (2011).The impact of values and learning approaches and academic discipline influences. Issues in Educational Research, 21(2), 210-216.
• Uttley, J. (2019). Power analysis, sample size, and assessment of statistical assumptions- Improving the evidential value of lighting research. LEUKOS, 15(2), 143-162.
• Wei, Z., Zhao, Z., & Zheng, Y. (2016). Moderating effect of social value orientation on the effect of social influence in prosocial decisions. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1-9.
• Wheaton, B.B., Muthen, B., Alwin. D.F.,& Summers, G.F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models.In D.R. Heise (Ed.).Sociological Methodology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Wigglesworth, C. (2012). SQ21: The 21 skills of spiritual intelligence. New York: Selected Books.
• ZainudinHjAwang. (2012). Structural Equation Modelling Using AMOS Graphic. Kuala Lumpur: UiTM Press.
• Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2000).SQ-Spiritual intelligence, the ultimate intelligence. London: UL copy.

Identifiers

DOI

10.15804/tner.20.61.3.15

Biblioteka Nauki

1963597