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2019 | 43 | 4 |

Article title

The Fourth Space as an Escape from Colliding Cultures in Mohja Kahf's "The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf"

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
The main axis of Arab American literature is its portrayal of the experiences that Arab Americans go through in their daily life inside and outside the USA. Taking Mohja Kahf’s novel as a literary sample, this paper examines the extent to which triple consciousness, faith development, and existentialist thought forge Khadra’s perplexity in understanding her identity – she struggles to explore her true self in two different cultural realms i.e., Mecca and Indianapolis. By employing points of view and criticism of well-known scholars and critics such as Erik Erikson, Henri Tajfel and James Fowler, this paper concludes that Khadra, as an escape from her psychological unrest in two incompatible cultures, locates herself in what I call as the fourth space.
DE
Der Band enthält doie Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
FR
L'article contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.

Year

Volume

43

Issue

4

Physical description

Dates

published
2019
online
2019-12-30

Contributors

References

  • Alakarawi, S., & Bahar, I. (2013). Negotiating Liminal Identities in Mohja Kahf’s The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 2(2), 101-106.
  • Amel, A., & Majaj, L, S. (2000). Going Global: The Transnational Reception of Third World Women Writers. New York: Routledge.
  • Basma, D. & Gibbons, M. M. (2016). The Anguish of Freedom: Using an Existential Approach with Arab Immigrants. Journal of Humanistic Counselling, 55(2), 151-162. DOI:oi.org/10.1002/johc.12031.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. New York: Routledge.
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2010). Reflections about Race by a Negrito Acomplejao. In M. J. Roman, & J. Flores (Eds.), The Afro-Latin@ Reader: History and Culture in the United States (pp.445-453). Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Du Bois, W. (1897). Striving of the Negro People. The Atlantic. Retrieved June 20, 2019, from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1897/08/strivings-of-the-negro-people/305446/.
  • El-Enany, R. (2006). Arab Representations of the Occident: East-West Encounters in Arabic Fiction. London: Routledge.
  • Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and Society. London: Paladin Grafton Books.
  • Fernea, E. W. (1998) In Search of Islamic Feminism: One Woman’s Global Journey. New York: Anchor Books.
  • Fowler, W. J. (1981). Stages of Faith: The Psychology of Human Development and the Quest for Meaning. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Green, M. (1959). Introduction to Existentialism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Handal, N. (2005). Reflections on Sex, Silence and Feminism. In A. Rabab, E. A., & Naber, N. (Eds.) Gender, Nation and Belonging: Arab and Arab American Feminist Perspectives. The MIT Electronic Journal of Middle East Studies, 5, 97-108.
  • Kahf, M. (2006). The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf. New York: Carrol and Graff.
  • Roman, M. J., & Flores, J. (2010). The Afro-Latin@ Reader: History and Culture in the United States. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83-99.
  • Salaita, S. (2011). Arab American Fiction: A Reader’s Guide. New York: Syracuse University Press.
  • Stangor, C. (2008). Stereotypes and Prejudice. Maryland: Taylor and Francis.
  • Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiations between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. London: Academic Press.
  • Taylor, L. K., Zine, J., & Davis, H. E. (2007). An Interview with Mohja Kahf. Intercultural Studies, 18(4), 383-388.
  • Turner, J., & Oakes, P. (1986). The Significance of Social Identity Concept for Social Psychology with Reference to Individualism, Interactionism, and Social Influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237-252.

Document Type

Publication order reference

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_17951_lsmll_2019_43_4_63-75
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