The Right of Foreigners to Study and to Research in the Republic of Albania

• Authors: Sokol Bana , Sofjana Veliu , Erjona Bana (Canaj)

Title variants

PL

Prawo cudzoziemców do nauki i prowadzenia badań w Republice Albanii

Abstracts

PL

W ciągu ostatnich 25 lat Unia Europejska (UE) osiągnęła wiele w zakresie wspierania transgranicznego dostępu do edukacji. Swoboda przemieszczania się studentów jest jednym z najważniejszych osiągnięć prawa unijnego w ogólnym kontekście swobody przepływu osób. Obecnie UE przyznaje pracownikom i członkom ich rodzin daleko idące prawa oraz uprawnia wszystkich obywateli Unii do przenoszenia się do innych państw członkowskich w celu podjęcia nauki. Prawo do edukacji jest jednym z podstawowych praw człowieka, co również jest uznane w prawie albańskim. Podobnie prawo do edukacji w Albanii przyznane jest obywatelom Albanii, wszystkim cudzoziemcom i bezpaństwowcom. Albania zmieniła ustawodawstwo, aby poprawić swoją zgodność z unijnymi standardami koniecznymi dla akcesji. Jak wiadomo, Albania dokonała transpozycji do krajowego systemu prawnego wszystkich dyrektyw unijnych dotyczących imigracji i azylu, a także obecnie uczestniczy w negocjacjach na temat nowych przepisów migracyjnych i azylowych na poziomie regionalnym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd albańskich przepisów prawnych dotyczących studentów zagranicznych i naukowców w Republice Albanii. Wskazano również na niektóre wyzwania w zakresie stosowania, wykładni i rozwijania przepisów imigracyjnych dla studentów i badaczy, które obowiązują w Republice Albanii, zwłaszcza ustawy o cudzoziemcach. Celem było prześledzenie głównych procedur instytucjonalnych i prawnych obowiązujących zagranicznych obywateli zamierzających studiować i prowadzić badania w Albanii oraz wyciągnięcie wniosków w tej materii.

EN

The European Union has achieved much in promoting cross-border access to education in the course of the last two-and-a-half decades. Free movement of students is one of EU law’s most important achievements in the general context of free movement of persons. Today, EU law confers far-reaching educational rights upon workers and their family members and it entitles all EU citizens to move to other Member States to take up studies. The right to education is one of the basic human rights, which is recognized in the Albanian legislation as well. The right to education is granted to Albanian citizens, all foreigners and stateless persons resident in the Republic of Albania alike. Albania has especially changed its legislation to improve its alignment with the standards of the EU necessary for its eventual accession. As it is known Albania has transposed all EU directives relating to immigration and asylum into its national legal system and now it participates in the negotiations on new migration and asylum rules at a regional level as well. This paper seeks to provide an overview of rules in Albania for foreign students and researchers in the Republic of Albania. It also highlights some of the challenges in the application, interpretation and development of immigration rules for students and researchers currently present in the Republic of Albania, especially the Law “On Foreigners”. The objective was to trace the main institutional and legal procedures applicable to foreign citizens who seek to study and research in Albania, to analyze the data on students and researchers in Albania and to reflect on these findings.

Keywords

EN

foreign students; researchers; migration and asylum rules; education; legal procedures

PL

studenci zagraniczni; naukowcy; przepisy migracyjne i azylowe; edukacja; procedury prawne

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
• Journal: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Year: 2022
• Volume: 31
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 9-24

Dates

published

2022

Contributors

author

Sokol Bana

• University of Vlora “Ismail Qemali”, Albania

author

Sofjana Veliu

• European University of Tirana, Albania

author

Erjona Bana (Canaj)

References

• Bana S., E drejta e migracionit në Shqipëri, Tiranë 2020.
• Barjaba K., Contemporary Patterns in Albanian Migration, “South-East Europe Review” 2000, vol. 3(2).
• Barjaba K., Migration and Ethnicity in Albania: Synergies and Interdependencies, “Easton Institute for International Studies” 2004, vol. 11(1).
• Barnard C., The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms, Oxford 2010.
• Canaj E., Migration Law in Albania, Alphen aan den Rijn 2019.
• Canaj E., Bana S., E drejta e Bashkimit Europian, Tiranë 2020.
• Carletto C., Davis B., Stampini M., Zezza A., A Country on the Move: International Migration in Post-Communist Albania, “International Migration Review” 2006, vol. 40(4), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00043.x.
• Creech R., Law and Language in the European Union: The Paradox of a Babel United in Diversity, Groningen 2005.
• Gori G., Towards and EU Right to Education, The Hague 2001.
• Ikonomi L., E drejta migratore, Tiranë 2014.
• International Organization for Migration, Analysis of Albanian Immigration Legislation and Practice as Compared to EU and International Standards: Gap Analysis on Migration Management in Albania, Tirana 2004.
• Käsper K., Access to Higher Education in the EU: Evolving Case Law of the CJEU, “European Journal Law Reform” 2012, no. 4.
• Käsper K., Free Movement of Students in the EU, [in:] Protecting Human Rights in the EU, Berlin–Heidelberg 2014, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38902-3_9.
• ONM, Fjalorth i terminologjisë migratore, Tiranë 2007.
• Strumia F., Citizenship and free movement: European and American features of a judicial formula for increased comity, “Columbia Journal European Law” 2006, vol. 12.
• Tryfonidou A., In search of the aim of the EC free movement of persons provisions: Has the Court of Justice missed the point? Common Market Law Review” 2009, vol. 46(5).
• UNHCR, Integrimi i refugjatëve në Shqipëri, Tiranë 2004.
• Witte B. de, Educational equality for community workers and their families, [in:] The European Community Law of Education, ed. B. de Witte, Baden-Baden 1989.
• European Commission, Albania Report 2020, 6.10.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/system/files/2020-10/albania_report_2020.pdf (access: 22.3.2021).
• European Commission, Albania Report 2021, 19.10.2021, https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/albania-report-2021_en (access: 22.3.2021).
• Institute of Statistics, http://www.instat.gov.al/en (access: 22.3.2021).
• Institute of Statistics, Arsimi, http://www.instat.gov.al/al/temat/tregu-i-pun%C3%ABs-dhe-arsimi/arsimi/#tab2 (access: 22.3.2021).
• Institute of Statistics, Foreigners in Albania, 2020, http://www.instat.gov.al/media/9389/foreigners-in-albania_2020.pdf (access: 22.3.2021).
• IOM, Ministria e Brendshme, Albania – Migration Profile 11, 2016, https://mb.gov.al/files/documents_files/Profili_i_Migracionit_2016%20(Eng).pdf (access: 20.2.2018).
• Ministria e Arsimit dhe Sportit, www.arsimi.gov.al (access: 22.3.2021).
• Constitution of the Republic of Albania of 22 November 1998.
• Decision No. 513 of 13 June 2013 “On Determining the Criteria, Procedures and Documentation for Entry, Stay and Treatment of Aliens in the Republic of Albania”.
• Law No. 108/2013 “On Foreigners” of 28 March 2013.
• Strategjia Kombëtare e Arsimit 2021–2026: Draft, Tiranë 2021, http://arsimi.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Draft-Strategjia-per-Arsimin-2021-2026-1.pdf (access: 22.3.2021).
• Strategjia Kombëtare për Migracionin dhe Plani i Veprimit për Migracionin: rruga drejt menaxhimit të Migracionit, Tiranë, July 2005, http://shtetiweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/strategjia_kombetare_e_migracionit_alb.pdf (access: 15.5.2018).
• Strategjia Kombëtare për Zhvillim dhe Integrim 2015–2020, 2016, http://arsimi.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/SKZHI_draft-per-konsultim_25.3.2016.pdf (access: 22.3.2021).
• V.K.M. Nr. 760, 19 Nëntor 2004 e Këshillit të Ministrave të Republikës së Shqipërisë, https://www.parlament.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/legjislacioni_shqiptar_2001_2009.pdf (access: 27.2.2022).
• V.K.M. Nr. 296, 6 Qershor 2005 e Këshillit te Ministrave të Republikës së Shqipërisë, https://www.parlament.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/legjislacioni_shqiptar_2001_2009.pdf (access: 27.2.2022).

Identifiers

DOI

10.17951/sil.2022.31.1.9-24

Biblioteka Nauki

31348286