Protesty a kapitał polityczny antysystemowej opozycji w Rosji na przykładzie antyreżimowych protestów Alekseja Nawalnego w 2017 roku

• Authors: Olga Nadskakuła-Kaczmarczyk
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The purpose of this article is to identify the extent to which anti-regime protests in Russia aid the anti-systemic opposition in building its political capital. The Russian authoritarian system limits participation in the political life for genuine opponents of the Kremlin, thus one way to present their objections to those in power is to organise protests and to attempt to mobilise as many citizens as possible around political slogans. Our example will be the protests organised by Aleksey Navalny and his associates in March, June and October of 2017. Protests from March and June are against corruption while the October protest concerns support for Alexey Navalny as a presidential candidate. This diversification of the subject of the protests allows to specify to what extent the protests’ slogans initiated by the same organizer determine public support for street action and influence the political capital of the leader of the protests. It should be remembered that due to the difficulties in precisely defining the level of the political capital of a particular politician, it seems essential to capture the trend of it, i.e. whether a given decision, policy action increased or decreased his political capital. Evaluation of the political capital of Alexei Navalny was based on such parameters as knowledge, skills, attitudes, closeness to those in power and personal resources.

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie, w jakim stopniu protesty antyreżimowe w Rosji pomagają opozycji antysystemowej budować swój kapitał polityczny. Autorytarny system rosyjski ogranicza udział w życiu politycznym rzeczywistym oponentom Kremla, dlatego jednym ze sposobów przedstawienia swoich zarzutów wobec rządzących jest organizacja protestów i próba zmobilizowania wokół haseł opozycyjnych jak największej liczby obywateli. Analiza koncentruje się na protestach zorganizowanych przez Aleksieja Nawalnego i jego współpracowników w marcu, czerwcu i październiku 2017 r., przy czym dwa pierwsze to protesty przeciw korupcji, natomiast protest październikowy dotyczy poparcia dla Aleksieja Nawalnego jako kandydata na prezydenta. To zróżnicowanie tematyki protestów pozwala określić to, na ile hasła przewodnie protestów zainicjowane przez tego samego organizatora determinują społeczne poparcie dla akcji ulicznej i wpływają na kapitał polityczny lidera protestów. Należy pamiętać, że ze względu na trudności w precyzyjnym określeniu stopnia politycznego kapitału określonego polityka istotne wydaje się uchwycenie samej tendencji jego zmiany, tzn. czy dana decyzja, działanie polityka wpłynęło na zwiększenie czy zmniejszenie jego politycznego kapitału. Ewaluacja kapitału politycznego Aleksieja Nawalnego została dokonana na podstawie takich parametrów, jak wiedza, umiejętności, postawa, bliskość władzy i zasoby.

RU

Цель этой статьи – определить, в какой степени антирежимные протесты в России помогают антисистемной оппозиции в наращивании ее политического капитала. Российская авторитарная система ограничивает участие в  политической жизни реальных противников Кремля, поэтому один из способов выразить свои возражения тем, кто находится у власти - это организовать акции протеста и попытаться мобилизовать как можно больше граждан вокруг политических лозунгов. В качестве примера можно привести протесты, организованные Алексеем Навальным и его коллегами в марте, июне и октябре 2017 года. Протесты в марте и  июне направлены против коррупции, в  то время как октябрьские протесты касаются поддержки Алексея Навального в качестве кандидата в президенты. Такая диверсификация предмета протестов позволяет указать, в какой степени лозунги протестов, инициированные одним и  тем же организатором, определяют общественную поддержку уличных акций и  влияют на политический капитал лидера протестов.

Keywords

EN

Anti-systemic opposition, Political Capital, Anti-regime protests, Alexey Navalny

PL

opozycja antysystemowa, kapitał polityczny, protesty antyreżimowe, Aleksiej Nawalny

RU

антисистемная оппозиция, политический капитал, антирежимные протесты, Алексей Навальный

• Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
• Journal: Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
• Year: 2020
• Volume: 6
• Issue: 1

Dates

published

2020

online

2020-07-20

Contributors

author

Olga Nadskakuła-Kaczmarczyk

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Identifiers

DOI

10.17951/we.2020.6.1.91-111