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Journal

2021 | 34 | 33-59

Article title

A skald in royal service – the case Þórarinn loftunga. Part 2: Poetics and ideology of Tøgdrápa

Authors

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

Abstracts

EN
The present study is focused on Tøgdrápa (Journey drápa), a poem Þórarinn devoted to Knútr’s expedition to Norway in 1028. A distinguished feature of Tøgdrápa is its metre – tøglag (journey metre). It differs from dróttkvætt by having four syllables (instead of six) in each line. Presumably, referring to the title of the poem, the metre was to be used in ac- counts on war expeditions, optionally other travels of the king. Tøglag seems to be especially bound to Knútr’s court. Close metrical analysis of the poem as well as comparison with Sigvatr Þórðarson’s Knútsdrápa suggests that, contrary to previous assumptions, it is very likely that neither of the poets was an inventor of tøglag. Rather both, as talented and already distinguished skalds, did not hesitate to take another artistic challenge, most likely put up by somebody else. It seems reasonable to assume that such a challenge was born at Knútr’s court, probably as a side effect of the king’s success in Norway in 1028.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest Tøgdrápie (Wiersz o wyprawie), utworowi skomponowanemu przez Þórarina, w którym opisuje wyprawę Knuta Wielkiego do Norwegii w 1028 roku. Wiersz wyróżnia zastosowane przez skalda metrum – tøglag (metrum podróżne). Od dróttkvætt różni go występowanie czterech (zamiast sześciu) sylab w każdej linii zwrotki. Prawdopo- dobnie, odnosząc się do tytułu wiersza, metrum to było stosowane w kompozycjach po- święconych wyprawom wojennym, ewentualnie innym podróżom podejmowanym przez władcę. Użytkowanie tøglag wydaje się być szczególnie związane z dworem Knuta Wielkie- go w Anglii. Dokładna analiza metryczna poematu Þórarina, jak również porównanie go z Knútsdrápą Sigvata Þórðarsona, wskazują na to, że, wbrew wcześniejszym sądom, żaden z dwójki poetów nie powinien być uważany za twórcę tego metrum. Raczej, obaj skaldowie, już jako wzięci i utalentowani twórcy, bez obaw podjęli poetyckie wyzwanie, które najpew- niej podsunął im ktoś inny. Wydaje się słusznym założenie, że pomysł ten zrodził się na dworze Knuta Wielkiego, najpewniej jako skutek sukcesu jaki król Anglii i Danii odniósł w Norwegii w 1028 roku.

Journal

Year

Volume

34

Pages

33-59

Physical description

Dates

published
2021

Contributors

  • Institute of History Centre for Nordic and Old English Studies, University of Silesia in Katowice

References

  • Primary sources
  • Danakonunga sǫgur, ed. Bjarni Guðnason, Íslenzk fornrit 35. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1982.
  • Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, red. Felix Liebermann, vol. 1. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1903. Fagrskinna, ed. Bjarni Einarsson, Íslenzk fornrit 29. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1984.
  • Heimskringla II, ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson, Íslenzk fornrit 26–28. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 2002.
  • Scandinavian Poetry of the Middle Ages, Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1. From c. 1035 to c. 1300, vol. 1–2, ed. Kari Ellen Gade. Turnhout: Brepols, 2009.
  • Scandinavian Poetry of the Middle Ages, Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1. From Mythical Times to c. 1035, vol. 2, ed. Diana Whaley. Turnhout: Brepols, 2012.
  • Scandinavian Poetry of the Middle Ages, Poetry from Treaties on Poetics, ed. Kari Ellen Gade, Edith Marold. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.
  • Snorri Sturluson, Edda, Skáldskaparmál 1–2, ed. Anthony Faulkes. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1998.
  • Secondary works
  • Abram, Chris. “Einarr Skúlason, Snorri Sturluson, and the Post-Pagan Mythological Kenning”. In: Eddic, Skaldic and Beyond. Poetic Variety in Medieval Iceland and Norway, ed. Martin Chase, 44–61. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.
  • Bagge, Sverre. “Olav den Hellige som norsk konge (1015–28)”. Historisk tidsskrift 94 (2015): 555–587.
  • Bolton, Timothy. The Empire of Cnut the Great. Conquest and Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2009.
  • Bolton, Timothy. Cnut the Great. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. Clunies Ross, Margaret. A History of Old Norse Poetry and Poetics. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer 2005.
  • Cross, Katherine. Heirs of the Vikings. History and Identity in Normandy and England, c. 950–c. 1015. York: York Medieval Press, 2018.
  • Frank, Roberta. “A taste for knottiness. Skaldic art at Cnut’s court”. Anglo-Saxon England 47 (2018): 197–217. Insley, Charles. “Why 1016 Matters; or, The Politics of Memory and Identity in Cnut’s Kingdom”. In: Conquests in Eleventh-Century England. 1016, 1066, ed. Laura Ashe, Emily Joan Ward, 3–22. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2020.
  • Jón Viðar Sigurðsson. Viking friendship. The social bond in Iceland and Norway, c. 900– 1300. Ithaca-London, Cornell University Press, 2017.
  • Males, Mikael. The Poetic Genesis of Old Icelandic Literature. Berlin–Boston: deGruyter, 2020.
  • Morawiec, Jakub. “Anonimowy poemat Liðsmannaflokkr i problem jego odbiorcy. Ślad pobytu córki Mieszka I, matki Knuta Wielkiego, w Anglii?”. Studia Źródłoznawcze 47 (2010): 17–34.
  • Morawiec, Jakub. Knut Wielki. Król Anglii, Danii i Norwegii (ok. 995–1035). Kraków: Avalon, 2013.
  • Morawiec, Jakub. “A skald in royal service – the case Þórarinn loftunga. Part 1: Ideological contexts of Hǫfuðlausn”, Studia Maritima 33 (2020): 29–48.
  • North, Richard. “Behold the Front Page. Cnut and the Scyldings in Beowulf”, in press. Poole, Russell. Viking Poems on War and Peace. Toronto: University of Toronto Press,
  • 1991.
  • Treharne, Elaine. Living Through Conquest. The Politics of Early English 1020–1220. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • Townend, Matthew. “Contextualising the Knútsdrápur. Skaldic Praise-Poetry at the Court of Cnut”. Anglo-Saxon England 30 (2001): 145–179.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
2010450

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18276_sm_2021_34-02
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