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2023 | 71 | 2 | 289-311

Article title

Leo Strauss on Religion as the Fundamental Alternative to Philosophy

Authors

Content

Title variants

PL
Leo Strauss o religii jako podstawowej alternatywie wobec filozofii

Languages of publication

Abstracts

PL
Leo Strauss jest autorem znanej tezy o istnieniu nierozwiązywalnego konfliktu między filozofią a „objawieniem”, tj. monoteistyczną religią objawioną. Filozof jako filozof nie może być osobą wierzącą, zaś osoba wierząca jako wierząca nie może być filozofem. Mniej znane jest natomiast to, że myśl Straussa o religii jako podstawowej alternatywie dla filozofii podąża dwiema rozbieżnymi torami. Pierwszy z nich podkreśla wyjątkowe znaczenie religii objawionej, podczas gdy drugi kładzie nacisk na konflikt między filozofią a tym, co nazywa on „religią w ogóle”. Czasami Strauss sugeruje, że objawienie stanowi szczególne „wyzwanie” dla filozofii i filozof musi podważyć samą możliwość objawienia, aby uzasadnić prawomocność filozofii. Czasami jednak sugeruje on, że objawienie jest po prostu jedną z religii, nie różniącą się w swej istocie np. od starożytnego politeizmu i w związku z tym nie stanowi, jak się wydaje, szczególnego „wyzwania”. Twierdzę, że Straussowi ostatecznie nie udaje się pogodzić tych dwóch wątków i że to niepowodzenie jest związane zarówno z napięciami wewnątrz jego pozytywnej koncepcji samej filozofii jako drogi pośredniej między dogmatyzmem a sceptycyzmem, jak i z tym, że przesądza on z góry sprawę, zakładając bez uzasadnienia, że z „samej idei objawienia” wynika w sposób konieczny, iż nie da się jej zharmonizować z filozofią.
EN
Leo Strauss is well known for his thesis that there is an irreconcilable conflict between philosophy and “revelation,” i.e. monotheistic revealed religion, which cannot be harmonized. The philosopher qua philosopher cannot be a believer, while the believer qua believer cannot be a philosopher. However, it is less widely recognized that Strauss’ thought about religion as the fundamental alternative to philosophy follows two divergent trajectories. The first emphasizes the unique importance of revealed religion, while the other emphasizes the conflict between philosophy and what he calls “religion in general.” Sometimes, Strauss suggests that revelation poses a unique “challenge” to philosophy, such that the philosopher must refute the mere possibility of revelation in order to justify the legitimacy of philosophy itself. Sometimes, however, he suggests rather that revelation is a religion like any other, not essentially different from e.g. ancient polytheism, which would seem therefore to pose no unique “challenge.” I argue that Strauss ultimately fails to reconcile these two strands of this thought and that this failure is related both to tensions internal to his positive conception of philosophy itself as a middle path between dogmatism and skepticism and to the fact that he begs the question by assuming, rather than proving, that it follows necessarily from “the very idea of revelation” that it cannot be harmonized with philosophy.

Year

Volume

71

Issue

2

Pages

289-311

Physical description

Dates

published
2023

Contributors

author
  • European Center of Political Philosophy, Matthias Corvinus Collegium, Hungary

References

  • Arendt, Hannah. “Christianity and Revolution.” In Essays in Understanding 1930–1954. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1994.
  • Batnitzky, Leora. Leo Strauss and Emmanuel Levinas: Philosophy and the Politics of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
  • Benedict XVI. “Faith, Reason and the University: Memories and Reflections.” Accessed October 20, 2022, www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/speeches/2006/september/documents /hf_ben-xvi_spe_20060912_university-regensburg.html.
  • Brague, Rémi. “Athens, Jerusalem, Mecca: Leo Strauss ‘Muslim’ Understanding of Greek Philosophy.” Poetics Today 19, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 235–59.
  • Brague, Rémi. The Law of God: The Philosophical History of an Idea. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.
  • Janssens, David. Between Athens and Jerusalem: Philosophy, Prophecy and Politics in Leo Strauss’s Early Thought. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2008.
  • Levering, Matthew. Biblical Natural Law: A Theocentric and Teleological Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Meier, Heinrich. Leo Strauss and the Theologico-Political Problem. Translated by J. Harvey Lomax. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  • Pangle, Thomas. Political Philosophy and the God of Abraham. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
  • Pascal, Blaise. Pensées and Other Writings. Translated by Honor Levi. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Pieper, Josef. The Silence of St. Thomas. Translated by John Murray and Daniel O’Connor. Pantheon: New York, 1957.
  • Shiffman, Mark. “The Limits of Strauss.” Accessed October 20, 2022. www.academia.edu/517 5979/The_Limits_of_Strauss.
  • Strauss, Leo. “Letter to Helmut Kuhn.” Independent Journal of Philosophy 2 (1978): 23–24.
  • Strauss, Leo. Natural Right and History. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1953.
  • Strauss, Leo. “Notes on Reason and Revelation” (1948). Appendix to Leo Strauss and the Theologico-Political Problem, by Heinrich Meier, 179.
  • Strauss, Leo. Persecution and the Art of Writing. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1952.
  • Strauss, Leo. “Progress or Return? The Contemporary Crisis in Western Civilization.” Modern Judaism 1, no. 1 (May, 1981): 43.
  • Strauss, Leo. “Reason and Revelation” (1948). Appendix to Leo Strauss and the Theologico-Political Problem, by Heinrich Meier, 171–72.
  • Strauss, Leo. “Some Remarks on the Political Science of Farabi and Maimonides.” Interpretation 18, no. 1 (1990): 4–5.
  • Strauss, Leo. Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1983.
  • Strauss, Leo. “The Mutual Influence of Theology and Philosophy.” Independent Journal of Philosophy 3 (1979): 111–18.
  • Strauss, Leo. The Rebirth of Classical Political Rationalism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
  • Strauss, Leo. Thoughts on Machiavelli. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1958.
  • Strauss, Leo. What is Political Philosophy? And Other Studies. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1959.
  • Strauss, Leo, and Alexandre Kojève. On Tyranny: Including the Strauss-Kojève Correspondence. Edited by Victor Gourevitch and Michael S. Roth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
  • Tanguay, Daniel. Leo Strauss: An Intellectual Biography. Translated by Christopher Nadon. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007.
  • Velkley, Richard. Heidegger, Strauss and the Premises of Philosophy: On Original Forgetting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

Biblioteka Nauki
31232784

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_18290_rf237102_15
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