Cyril Lucaris and the “Unfinished” Reformation of Romanians in Transylvania

• Authors: Madalin Vasile Tăut , Nicu Dumitrașcu

Title variants

PL

Cyryl Lukaris i „niedokończona” reformacja Rumunów w Transylwanii

Abstracts

PL

Pojawienie się reformacji protestanckiej w XVI wieku spowodowało w Europie Zachodniej prawdziwe trzęsienie ziemi w Kościele rzymskokatolickim. Interesujące reminiscencje powstających ruchów religijnych można zaobserwować także we wschodnim świecie chrześcijańskim. Zamiarem niniejszego opracowania jest pokazanie wpływu, jaki reformacja wywarła na prawosławnych Rumunów z Transylwanii. Ich dominacja liczebna oraz pewien zakres tolerancji religijnej, jaką się cieszyli, nie współgrał z uznawaniem ich za odrębny naród. Przywołana uwaga ma znaczenie dla opisywanego w tekście epizodu. Samo zdarzenie miało miejsce na początku XVII wieku za czasów księcia Gabriela Bethlena. Przywołany władca pod pretekstem tzw. religijnej, kulturowej, a nawet narodowej emancypacji Rumunów zaproponował ich konwersję na kalwinizm. W tym względzie zwrócił się o pomoc do ekumenicznego patriarchy Cyryla Lukarisa, niezwykłego jak na swoje czasy hierarchy. Analiza jego postaci pozwala dostrzec w nim elastycznego i zarazem stanowczego zwierzchnika, który pozostawał otwarty na dialog z innymi wyznaniami chrześcijańskimi. Dzięki dobrej znajomości realiów polityczno-religijnych Siedmiogrodu, patriarcha Cyryl odpowiedział na prośbę księcia w najbardziej ekumeniczny sposób, broniąc prawa prawosławnych Rumunów do zachowania swojej wiary, języka i zwyczajów wspólnych z braćmi zza Karpat, Mołdawii i Wołoszczyzny.

EN

The occurrence of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century in Western Europe caused a real earthquake inside the Roman Catholic Church, also causing extremely interesting reverberations in the Eastern Christian world. This short essay intends to show the impact that the reformation has had on the Orthodox Romanians in Transylvania, who, although a numerical majority, were not recognized as a nation though their faith enjoyed certain tolerance. The episode that we will examine here takes place in the early part of the XVII century during the time of Prince Gabriel Bethlen. Under the pretext of the so-called religious, cultural, and even national emancipation of the Romanians, he proposed their conversion to Calvinism. In this regard, he asked for help from the ecumenical Patriarch Cyril Lucaris, an unusual hierarch for his time, flexible and firm at the same time, who was open to dialogue with other Christian denominations. With good knowledge of the political and religious realities in Transylvania, Patriarch Cyril replied to him in the most possible ecumenical way, defending the right of the Orthodox Romanians to keep their faith, language and customs they hold in common with their brethren beyond the Carpathian Mountains, Moldova and Wallachia.

Keywords

EN

Reformation; Orthodoxy; Faith; Nation; Religious Freedom; Unity; Ecumenism

PL

reformacja; prawosławie; wiara; naród; wolnośc religijna; jedność; ekumenizm

• Publisher: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
• Journal: Roczniki Teologiczne
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 70
• Issue: Zeszyt Specjalny
• Pages: 9-25

Dates

published

2023

Contributors

author

Madalin Vasile Tăut

• University of Oradea

• https://orcid.org/0000000262022024

author

Nicu Dumitrașcu

• University of Oradea

• https://orcid.org/0000000206212966

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Identifiers

DOI

10.18290/rt2023.27

Biblioteka Nauki

55994795